Chapter 1 Flashcards
what period of development is the time from conception to birth, roughly a nine month period. During this time a single cell grows into an organism, complete with a brain and behavioral capabilities.
Prenatal period
developmental period that extends from birth to about 18 months to 24 months of age.
- time of extreme dependence on adults
- psychological activities are just begining (speaking, coordinate sensations and physical actions to think with symbols and immitate and learn from others
Infancy
developmental period that extends from the end of infancy to about 5 to 6 years of age; sometimes is called the preschool years. children become more self sufficient and care for themselves; they develop school readiness skills, spend many hours in play and with peers.
Early Childhood
developmental period that extends from about 6-11 years of age; elementary school years. children masters fundamental skills of reading, writng, and arithmetic and are exposed to larger world and its culture. achievement becomes central theme of childs world and slef control increase
Middle and late childhood
developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, about 10-12 years of age and end at 18-22. rapid physical changes dramatic gains in height and weight; changes in body contour; development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement of breasts, development of pubic & facial hair, voice deepening. pursuit of independence and identity. more and more time are spend outside family. thought becomes more abstract, idealistic and logical.
Adolescene
what does the nature and nurture issue about?
whether development is primarily influenced by nature or by nurture
this refers to an organisms biological inheritance
nature
is a environmental experiences
nurture
focuses on which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity.
continuity-discontinuity issue
issue focuses on the degree to which early experiences (especially in infancy) or later experiences re the key determinants of child’s development
early-later experience
who propose that personality has three structures the id, the ego, and the superego.
Freud
freud structure of personality that consists of instincts which are individuals reservoir of psychic energy. totally unconscious; no contact with reality.
id
as children experience the demands and constraints of reality a new structure of personality emerges. it deals with the demands of reality & its called the executive branch of personality because it uses reasoning to make decisions.
ego
fredian struture of personality that is the moral branch of personality the part that considers whether something is right or wrong. “conscience”
-contains ethical principles, ideals
superego
this theories was convinced that the problems of his patients were the result of early experiences in life. As children grow up their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses shift from mouth to anus and eventually genitals.
Freud
