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SOCW 330 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 different ways of knowing/understanding human behaviour and world around us?

A
  1. Intuition
    - Type of Insight / without much thought or reason
  2. Tradition
    - Values / Beliefs, Culture
  3. Experience
    - 1st hand, individual variation
  4. Authority
    - experience we don’t have – rely on someone else
  5. Media
    - print material, news, social networks, TV
  6. Science
    - System to produce Knowledge / Knowledge produced
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2
Q

What is generalist social work practice?

A
  • Individuals, groups, communities, organizations
  • Variety of settings
  • Eclectic knowledge base & range of skills /roles
  • Code of Ethics
  • Strengths based perspective
  • Critical thinking
  • Planned change process
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3
Q

What is the purpose of Research in Generalist SW Practice

A
  1. Evidence-based practice
    - Key approach in SW, strength to decisions made
    - Research - development of knowledge
  2. Ethical practice
    - Responsibility to provide best possible service
  3. Fiscal responsibility
    - Accountability to funders for spending responsibly
    - Substantiate claim for new services
  4. Empowerment
    - Certain research methods directly empowering
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4
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of Scientific inquiry?

A
  1. Universalism
    - Judged on scientific merit, not who/where
  2. Organized Skepticism
    - All evidence questioned; examined for scientific method; publications peer-reviewed
  3. Disinterestedness *
    - Neutrality, impartiality, receptive to evidence/findings contrary to expectations, beliefs
  4. Communalism
    - Share findings
  5. Honesty
    - Demanded
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5
Q

What is the post positivism worldview?

A

Also known by other terms:

  • Positivist
  • Empirical science
  • Science research….

Postpositivist
-Recognition – cannot be 100% positive about claims made regarding human behavior / actions

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6
Q

What are the key assumptions of post positivism worldview?

A

1.Knowledge – absolute truth unknown
2.Research – process – make claims – refine / abandon
3.Data, evidence, rational thought shapes knowledge
-Collect data - instruments – measure
4.Research aim – explain / describe causal relationships
-Examine various relationships – questions / hypotheses
5.Being objective essential
Examine for biases

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7
Q

what are the key points of postpositivism?

A

1.Quant
2.Deterministic - cause / effect
-Test /verify / refine laws / theories that govern the world
Explain / predict
3.Reductionist
-Reduce ideas —-> discrete set of ideas (variables)
4.Numeric measurement
5.Objectivity
6.Deductive process
-general to particular

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8
Q

What are the key assumptions of constructivist worldview?

A
  1. Humans construct meanings – engage world / interpreting it
  2. People make sense of the word – based on history, social perspectives.
    - Researchers’ interpretation of findings shaped by own experience / background
  3. Basic generation of meaning – social – based on human interactions
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9
Q

What are the key points of constructivist worldview?

A

1.Qual
2.To develop understanding
3.Open ended questions
4.Context / setting
5.Participant view
6.Inductive process
Particular to general (data up)

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10
Q

What are basic assumptions of the transformative worldview?

A

1.Focus on inequities
e.g., gender, race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation
2.Assumes collaboration
Involvement, voice, raising consciousness – improve life
3.Links political & social action to inequities
4.Central – study of lives / experience
e.g., constraints / strategies to resist….
5.Program theory of beliefs
How program works / why problems of oppression, domination, etc exist

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11
Q

What are the key points of transformative worldview?

A
  • Marginalized individuals / groups
  • Social oppression
  • Action agenda
  • Collaboration
  • Practical
  • Integration of theoretical perspectives
  • Create political debate to promote change
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12
Q

What are the basic assumptions of pragmatic worldview?

A

-Not committed to one system of philosophy / reality
-Freedom of choice (methods, techniques, procedures)
Many ways to collect / analyze data
Look for what & how
-Research occurs in social, political, historical context
-Truth – what works at the time

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13
Q

What are the key points of pragmatic worldview?

A
  1. Mixed Methods
  2. Use all approaches to understand a problem
    - Quant / Qual assumptions
    - Social, historical, political contexts
  3. FOCUS ON WHAT WORKS-SOLUTIONS
  4. ACTIONS, SITUATIONS
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14
Q

What is the second component of research approach?

A

Research DESIGN- type of inquiry within the approach used

3 approaches to research (qual, quant or mm)

  • Choice of designs within each
  • Choice made directs
    - R. questions
    - data collection & analysis
    - final report format
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15
Q

Alternative research designs

A

Quantitative:

  • Expermental
  • non experimental (eg. surveys)

MM:

  • convergent
  • explanatory sequential
  • exploratory sequential
  • tranformative, embedded, multiphase

Qualitative:

  • narrative
  • phenomenology
  • grounded theory
  • ethnography
  • case studies
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16
Q

What are the research designs specifically referred to in the text?

A

Quan:

  • Experimental Research
    1. True experiments (random)
    2. Quasi-experiments (non random)
  • Survey Research
MM: 
Convergent Parallel 
    - same time
Explanatory Sequential 
    -QUANT first 
Exploratory Sequential 
   - QUAL first 
Transformative 
   - theoretical lens 
   - convergent or sequenced 
QUAL:
Narrative 
   -stories about lives 
Phenomenology
   -essence of experience
17
Q

Quant:

A 
Survey:
Numeric description
Trends, attitudes, opinions
Cross-sectional / Longitudinal 
Questionnaires  or structured interviews
Generalize:  sample to population
Experimental Research:
Treatment effect on outcome
       -One grp gets treatment
       -Another doesn’t 
       -Difference in score(s) on    outcome
RCT
       -“True” experiment
       -Random assignment
Quasi experimental
       -Non randomized & Single    subject designs
18
Q

Qual

A

Narrative (humanities)

  • Stories of participants’ lives
  • restoried by researcher – narrative chronology

Phenomenology (psychology, philosophy)

  • lived experience of phenomenon
  • Essence of human experience

Grounded Theory (sociology)

  • Theory development – process, action, interaction
  • grounded in participants’ views

Ethnography (anthropology, sociology)

  • Patterns of behavior, language, action shared by group
  • Natural setting – prolonged engagement
Case studies (multiple fields)
  -In depth study of a ‘case’, bounded by time & activity
19
Q

MM

A

Integration of both Quant / Qual into one study

Field relatively new

Can be used to

 - Check accuracy
 - Help explain, explore different    questions
 - Development of instruments
20
Q

MM: Various designs

A

Convergent parallel mixed methods :

  • Quan / Qual data collected about same time
  • Integrates info in the interpretation of overall results

Explanatory sequential mixed methods:

  • Quant data 1st, then builds on results / details them with Qual data
  • Sequential – one follows the other

Exploratory sequential mixed methods:

  • Qual 1st, followed by Quan data (2nd phase)
  • Qual – used to build / inform instrument or identify variables
21
Q

What is the third component of a research approach?

A

METHODS

22
Q

Methods: QUAN

A 
Pre-determined 
Instrument based 
Data Collection:
    -performance 
    -attitude 
    -observation 
    -census
Data analysis: Statistical 
Interpretation: Statistical
23
Q

Methods: MM

A

-Predetermined and emerging method
-closed and open ended questions
-multiple forms of data collection
statistical and text data analysis
-statistical and text data analysis
-across database interpretation

24
Q

Methods: Qual

A
  • Emerging methods
  • open ended questions
  • data collection:
    - interview
    - observation
    - document
    - audio-visual
  • data analysis: text/image
  • interpretation: themes/patterns
25
Q

Research approaches-worldview, design, methods

A

Refer to table 1.4 p.18

26
Q

what is the criteria for selecting a research approach?

A
  1. Research problem and questions
    • Quant:
      - test/verify
      - evaluate intervention
      - predict
    • MM:
      - Neither other appoarch adequate
      - capitalize on strengths
    • QUAL:
      - uncertain what’s important
      - new topic
      - sample population
  2. Personal Experiences
    • training,preferences, time, resources
  3. Audience
    • advisors, colleagues, graduate committees
27
Q

Summary of 3 approaches of research

A

refer to slide

SOCW 330 (2 decks)

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