Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPA 330 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Specialized elongated extremely irritable. Muscle contracts in response to the electrochemical stimuli provided by the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Motor unit

A

Produces muscle action.

Consist of a nerve cell and all the muscle Iberia served by the nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve cell

A

Axon - nerve cell process divides into
Axon fibrils then terminate in the form of
Muscle ends plates which are in direct contact with the muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Latent period - interval between the onset of stimulus and onset of contraction

Contraction period - returns to previous relaxed state

Refractory period - chemical phase that restores the muscle to its normal resting state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Innervation ratio

A

High innervation ratio = many muscle fibers to few nerve cells. Execute crude movements with large muscle contractions

Low innervation ratio - few muscle fibers to many nerve cells - smaller contractions with finer control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Fluid tissues. 10% of the body. Transport food and oxygen to the living cells of the body and take wast materials generated by cellular activity. They distribute heat and defend the body against disease. Fluids remain consistent due to the circulatory system which is the lungs thorax and the left and right ventricles.

Blood

Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vascular tissue - blood

A

Contains corpuscles (cells) and platelets which are separated by a fluid intercellular substance called blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vascular tissue - lymph

A

Immediate nutrient of the tissue, colorless, watery looking liquid , contains cells called lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Organ

A

Two or more tissues combined and show unity. Somewhat independent part of the body that performs a special function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parenchyma

A

Cells that compose the essential structures of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systems - 11 of them

A 
Skeletal
Articular
Muscular
Digestive
Vascular
Nervous
Respiratory
Urinary
Generative and reproduction 
Endocrine
Integumentary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myofibrils

A

Delicate filaments muscle fibers are composed of that contain long protein molecules called myosin and actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of organisms and the relations of their parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Different parts of anatomy

A 
Descriptive
Regional
Applied
Microscopic
Developmental
Geriatric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Speech pathologists are interested in what type of anatomy

A

Regional of the head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Physiology

A

The science that deals with the function of living organisms or their parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Different types of physiology

A 
Animal
Applied
Cellular
Experimental
Pathological
General
Special
Vegetable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-arthrodial

A

Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bi

A

Two or double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cellular

A

Related to the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chondrium

A

Related to cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cyto-

A

Pertaining to a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Endo-

A

Toward the interior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epi-

A

Upon or above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Extra-

A

Outside of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inter-

A

Between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Intra-

A

Within

28
Q

Meatus

A

An opening

29
Q

Meso

A

Middle or intermediate

30
Q

Micro-

A

Small size

31
Q

-mysium

A

Pertains to muscle

32
Q

Os

A

Bone

33
Q

-osteum

A

Pertains to the bone

34
Q

Peri-

A

Around

35
Q

-plasm

A

Cellular substance

36
Q

Proto

A

First

37
Q

Uni-

A

One or single

38
Q

Anatomical state

A

The living body, standing erect, facing the observer, eyes front, arms a that side with the palms of the hand and the tips of the feet directed forward.

39
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front or away from the back

Usually used with reference to the free extremities or the head, sometimes call ventral

40
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back or away from the front

This term is used with reference to free extremities or the head, sometimes called dorsal

41
Q

Superior

A

Upper; as distinct from superficial.

42
Q

Inferior

A

Lower; as distinct from deep

43
Q

Cranial or rostral

A

Toward the head, sometimes called rostral

44
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail, away from the head, usually restricted to the trunk

45
Q

Internal

A

Toward the inner surface

Usually used to describe the body cavities or the body wall. Sometimes call deep

46
Q

External

A

Toward the outer surface. Most often used to describe body cavities or the body wall. Sometimes called superficial.

47
Q

Medial

A

Toward the axis or midline

48
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the axis or midline

49
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the body or toward the root of a free extremity.

50
Q

Distal

A

Away from the body or the root of a free extremity

51
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the backbone, away from the front of the body

52
Q

Ventral

A

Away from the backbone or toward the front of the body

53
Q

Prone

A

Laying on stomach with palms up

54
Q

Supine

A

Laying on back with palms down

55
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical or longitudinal cut

Divides body into right and left halves
Also call mid sagittal if exactly cut at the midline, Dividing body into equal halves, if not equal halves, called sagittal

56
Q

Frontal plane

A

Coronal
Passes through the he body, dividing it into front and back. Also considered vertical or longitudinal

Divides from front and back

57
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Transverse or cross sectional

Cutting across the body and dividing it into upper and lower halves or sections. Superior and inferior.

58
Q

Cells

A

Highly organized masses of protoplasm

We call it life

59
Q

How do we determine of a living cell

A 
Irritability 
Growth
Spontaneous movement
Metabolism
Reproduction
60
Q

Hoe long do cells live

A

Nervous system - life time

Blood cells - 4 months.

61
Q

Cells protoplasm

A

Basic substance that enters into the composition in living cells.

62
Q

Two parts of a cell

A

Nucleus and cytoplasm

63
Q

Nucleus of the cell

A

Usually speroidal or elongated; conforms to the general shape of the cell

control center of the cell

Surrounded by a nuclear envelope - endoplasmic reticulum which seems to be continuous with the cell membrane.

Ground substance of the nucleus contains chromatin which consists of DNA.

DNA contributes to the formation of chromosomes during cell division and responsible for transmission of genetic traits

Contains the nucleous - houses ribosomes (necessary for protein biosynthesis.

64
Q

Cytoplasm of the cell

A

Consist of 70-85% water and 20% protein, fluid outside of the nucleus

Controls the exchange of certain molecules and ions between the cell and its environment

65
Q

Cell parts

A 
Plasma membrane
Organelles
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Microtubules
Microfilm nets
Centrioles.

SPA 330 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions