Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define biology

A

biology is the scientific study of life

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2
Q

define biosphere

A

the biosphere consists of all life on Earth and all the places where life exists

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3
Q

define ecosystem

A

an ecosystem consists of all of the living things in a particular area, along with all of the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts

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4
Q

define community

A

a community is the array of living organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

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5
Q

define population

A

a population consists of all the individuals of one species living within the bounds of a specified area

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6
Q

define organism

A

organisms are individual living things

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7
Q

define organ (organ system)

A

an organ/organ system carries out particular functions within an orgranism

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8
Q

define tissue

A

a tissue is a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function

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9
Q

define cell

A

a cell is life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

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10
Q

define organelle

A

an organelle is a functional component located inside of a cell

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11
Q

define molecule

A

a molecule is a chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms

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12
Q

write the 10 step hierarchy of life

A

biosphere - ecosystem - community - population - organism - organs - tissues - cells - organelles - molecules

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13
Q

define emergent properties

A

emergent properties arise at different levels between the biosphere and the molecule, and depend on how you view that level of the system

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14
Q

define systems biology

A

systems biology studies a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

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15
Q

define reductionism

A

reductionism reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study

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16
Q

analyzing biological structure provides clues about…

A

its function

17
Q

define a eukaryotic cell

A

a eukaryotic cell contains membrane-enclosed organelles

18
Q

define a prokaryotic cell

A

a prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles

19
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

20
Q

define genes

A

instructions encoded in a strand of DNA

21
Q

describe gene expression

A

genes are transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins

22
Q

define genome

A

a genome is the entire “library” of genes that an organism possesses

23
Q

define genomics

A

genomics is the study of whole sets on genes in one or more species

24
Q

define bioinformatics

A

bioinformatics is the use of computational to store, organize, and analyze huge volumes of biological data

25
define evolution
the scientific explanation for the diversity and unity of life is evolution, the idea that organisms living on Earth today descended from (a) common ancestor(s)
26
what are the 3 domains?
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
27
what are the kingdoms inside Eukarya?
Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Protists (unicellular and simple eukaryotes)
28
what is the difference between Bacteria & Archaea?
they are both prokaryotes. Archaea are "extreme-o-philes", meaning that they can survive in very intemperate environments (and probably closely mimic early life on Earth)
29
What book did Charles Darwin write? what island is it about?
On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection the Galapagos Islands
30
what is science?
science is an approach to understanding the natural world
31
what is inquiry?
inquiry is at the heart of science. it is a search for information and explanation.
32
define data
data are recorded observations
33
define inductive reasoning
inductive reasoning allows you to derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations
34
what is a hypothesis?
a hypothesis is a tentative answer to a well-framed question. it can be proven wong through experimentation. it cannot be proven right; however, if multiple experiments fail to prove it wrong it may be accepted as true.
35
define deductive reasoning
deductive reasoning is extrapolating specific results (we should expect) if the general premises are true
36
define controlled experiment
a controlled experiment is one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
37
define theory
a theory is a generally supported explanation, that is also general enough to spin off new, testable hypotheses.