Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the basic directions the ilium can misalign?

Answer 1

Anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral

Question 2

Where does the misalignment occur?

Answer 2

Sacroiliac joint

Question 3

What is the most important change the AS ilium undergoes?

Answer 3

Decrease innominant measurement

Question 4

What are the obturator changes occuring with AS and PI?

Answer 4

AS= decrease length diagonally
PI= increase length diagonally

Question 5

Lordosis changes for AS and PI? Femur head changes?

Answer 5

AS= hypolordosis, raises femur head
PI= hyperlordosis, lowers femur head

Question 6

Will and AS always be found on the side of the high femur head?

Answer 6

No, it depends on the degree of subluxation as well as anatomical and physiological abnormalities, etc

Question 7

What is one of the most reliable signs of ilium being subluxated?

Answer 7

Fluid in the joint space

Question 8

Describe where edema will be found with AS and PI

Answer 8

AS= posterior inferior and anterior superior margin of joint
PI= posterior superior and anterior inferior margin of joint

Question 9

What causes the joint edema in AS and PI?

Answer 9

As the SI joint subluxates, it leaves openings in the joint space and fluid accumulates

Question 10

Describe the relationship of sacrum to AS and PI ilum

Answer 10

AS= sacrum is posterior
PI= sacrum is anterior

Question 11

How do you determine subluxation/compensation?

Answer 11

Subluxation is found on the side of the lowest lumbar body rotation (usually L5)

Question 12

Errors in instrumentation?

Answer 12

1. Using uneven pressure
2. Not enough pressure, causing air leaks
3. Not having the thermocouples fit the cervical spine resulting in air leaks
4. Not repeating the glide often enough when a break is suspected
5. Not keeping a constant glide speed
6. Marking skin lesions as subluxations
7. Not marking the peak
8. Marking the recession
9. Stopping the glide when a reading is found
10. Not keeping the scope centered on the spine or following the scoliosis curves

Question 13

Break locations:

Answer 13

Occ-C1: between occiput and atlas
C2-T3: just inferior to spinous
T4: same level as spinous
T5-T9: at interspinous space above spinous of involved vertebra
T10-T12: same level as spinous
L1-L5: lower 1/4 of spinous
SI joint: anywhere between the superior and inferior boundaries of the SI articulation