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General Pathology Review Questions > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following describes how a disease develops and outlines the steps of development, such as cellular and molecular changes?
A. Etiology
B. Morphology
C. Abiogenesis
D. Pathogenesis
A

D. Pathogenesis

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2
Q

Pathology is concerned with the morphologic changes that occur during states of disease?
T or F

A

False

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3
Q

Cells that have been irreversibly injured will always die as a result of this type of injury?
T or F

A

True

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4
Q 
Myocardium that is subjected to persistent increased load, as with progressive hypertension, will adapt via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
A

C. Hypertrophy

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5
Q 
Cardiac myocytes will undergo \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to compensate for chronic hypertension?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
A

C. Hypertrophy

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6
Q 
What is the term indicating an increase in the number of cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
A

A. Hyperplasia

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7
Q 
A viral infection that results in wart formation is an example of pathological \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Hyperplasia
A

D. Hyperplasia

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8
Q 
Diminished blood supply or loss of innervation to a cell are most likely to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hyperplasia
A

C. Atrophy

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9
Q 
Decreased cellular protein synthesis combined with increased protein degradation is the hallmark feature of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Hyperplasia
A

C. Atrophy

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10
Q 
Which involves replacing one adult cell type with another adult cell type?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
A

C. Metaplasia

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11
Q 
Which of the following adaptations to stress increases the likelihood of developing cancer?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
A

C. Metaplasia

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12
Q 
Which of the following is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
A

C. Metaplasia

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13
Q

A cell that has been injured will always die as a result?

T or F

A

False

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14
Q

If a cell is swollen, it is irreversibly injured?

T or F

A

False

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15
Q

Which of the following involves a loss of membrane integrity?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis

A

B. Necrosis

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16
Q

If a cell has been injured, cellular __________ occurs first and cellular __________ occurs second?
A. Death, dysfunction
B. Dysfunction, death

A

Dysfunction, Death

17
Q

Inflammation is most likely to be associated with which of the following?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis

A

B. Necrosis

18
Q 
Which pattern of tissue necrosis that requires histologic examination?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Fibrinoid necrosis
A

D. fibrinoid necrosis

19
Q 
Decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
A

C. Atrophy

20
Q 
Which of the following describes destructive fragmentation of the nucleus within a dying cell?
A. Karyorrhexis
B. Pyknosis
C. Karyolysis
D. Nucleoside
A

A. Karyorrhexis

21
Q 
Hypoxia to neurons within the central nervous system are likely to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Fibrinoid necrosis
A

B. Liquefactive necrosis

22
Q 
Which of the following has the least impact on the cellular response to an injurious stimuli?
A. Duration of injury
B. Type of injury
C. Timing of injury
D. Severity of injury
A

C. Timing of injury

23
Q

Mitochondria are resistant to the deleterious effects of hypoxia?
T or F

A

False

24
Q 
An influx of intracellular calcium will stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by activating caspases?
A. Caseous necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Autophagy
D. Coagulative necrosis
A

B. Apoptosis

25
Q

Reactive oxygen species are produced in all cells during normal aerobic respiration?
T or F

A

True

26
Q 
Which of the following sites of membrane damage is the least likely to produce cellular death?
A. Mitochondrial membranes
B. Plasma Membrane
C. Mucous Membranes
D. Lysosomal Membranes
A

B and C

Plasma membrane and Lysosomal membranes

27
Q

Ischemia to a tissue will inhibit oxidative phosphorylation as well as glycolysis?
T or F

A

True

28
Q

Prolonged ischemia that produces irreversible cellular injury will stimulate ________?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis

A

A. Necrosis

29
Q 
Restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue is most likely to cause damage to which tissue type?
A. skeletal muscle cells
B. nephrons
C. hepatocytes
D. myocardium
A

D. myocardium

30
Q

Which apoptosis pathway involves activating caspsase-9?
A. mitochondrial pathway
B. death receptor pathway

A

A. mitochondrial pathway

31
Q 
Accumulation of triglycerides within hepatic parenchyma is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. sarcoidosis
B. steatosis
C. autophagic vacuole
D. dystrophic calcification
A

B. steatosis

32
Q 
Which of the following is considered to be the “wear-and-tear” pigment commonly found in older cells?
A. melanin
B. hemosiderin
C. lipofuscin
D. carbon
A

C. lipofuscin

33
Q 
Dystrophic calcification involves depositing calcium into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissues?
A. normal
B. necrotic
C. hyperplastic
D. metaplastic
A

B. necrotic

34
Q 
Deposition of calcium into necrotic tissue is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. dystrophic calcification
B. propagation
C. metastatic calcification
D. pigmentation
A

A. Dystrophic calcification

35
Q 
Metastatic calcification occurs in the presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. hypercalcemia
B. hypocalcemia
C. normal calcium levels
D. free radical accumulation
A

A. hypercalcemia

36
Q 
Pathological hypercalcemia causing deposition of calcium into normal tissues is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A. metastatic calcification
B. Metastasis
C. Dystrophic calcification
D. Dysraphism
A

A. metastatic calcification

37
Q 
Which of the following involves telomere shortening and limitation of the capacity for a cell to replicate?
A. Replicative senescence
B. misfolding of proteins
C. defective protein homeostasis
D. free radical accumulation
A

A. Replicative senescence

38
Q

Calorie restriction improves DNA repair and inhibits aging?

T or F

A

True

General Pathology Review Questions (2 decks)

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