Chapter 1 Flashcards
Which of the following describes how a disease develops and outlines the steps of development, such as cellular and molecular changes? A. Etiology B. Morphology C. Abiogenesis D. Pathogenesis
D. Pathogenesis
Pathology is concerned with the morphologic changes that occur during states of disease?
T or F
False
Cells that have been irreversibly injured will always die as a result of this type of injury?
T or F
True
Myocardium that is subjected to persistent increased load, as with progressive hypertension, will adapt via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
Cardiac myocytes will undergo \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to compensate for chronic hypertension? A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
What is the term indicating an increase in the number of cells? A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. Atrophy
A. Hyperplasia
A viral infection that results in wart formation is an example of pathological \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Metaplasia B. Hypertrophy C. Atrophy D. Hyperplasia
D. Hyperplasia
Diminished blood supply or loss of innervation to a cell are most likely to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Metaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Atrophy D. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
Decreased cellular protein synthesis combined with increased protein degradation is the hallmark feature of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Metaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Atrophy D. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
Which involves replacing one adult cell type with another adult cell type? A. Atrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
Which of the following adaptations to stress increases the likelihood of developing cancer? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
Which of the following is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Metaplasia D. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
A cell that has been injured will always die as a result?
T or F
False
If a cell is swollen, it is irreversibly injured?
T or F
False
Which of the following involves a loss of membrane integrity?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
B. Necrosis
If a cell has been injured, cellular __________ occurs first and cellular __________ occurs second?
A. Death, dysfunction
B. Dysfunction, death
Dysfunction, Death
Inflammation is most likely to be associated with which of the following?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
B. Necrosis
Which pattern of tissue necrosis that requires histologic examination? A. Coagulative necrosis B. Liquefactive necrosis C. Fat necrosis D. Fibrinoid necrosis
D. fibrinoid necrosis
Decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Hypertrophy B. Hyperplasia C. Atrophy D. Metaplasia
C. Atrophy
Which of the following describes destructive fragmentation of the nucleus within a dying cell? A. Karyorrhexis B. Pyknosis C. Karyolysis D. Nucleoside
A. Karyorrhexis
Hypoxia to neurons within the central nervous system are likely to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Coagulative necrosis B. Liquefactive necrosis C. Fat necrosis D. Fibrinoid necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
Which of the following has the least impact on the cellular response to an injurious stimuli? A. Duration of injury B. Type of injury C. Timing of injury D. Severity of injury
C. Timing of injury
Mitochondria are resistant to the deleterious effects of hypoxia?
T or F
False
An influx of intracellular calcium will stimulate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by activating caspases? A. Caseous necrosis B. Apoptosis C. Autophagy D. Coagulative necrosis
B. Apoptosis
Reactive oxygen species are produced in all cells during normal aerobic respiration?
T or F
True
Which of the following sites of membrane damage is the least likely to produce cellular death? A. Mitochondrial membranes B. Plasma Membrane C. Mucous Membranes D. Lysosomal Membranes
B and C
Plasma membrane and Lysosomal membranes
Ischemia to a tissue will inhibit oxidative phosphorylation as well as glycolysis?
T or F
True
Prolonged ischemia that produces irreversible cellular injury will stimulate ________?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
A. Necrosis
Restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue is most likely to cause damage to which tissue type? A. skeletal muscle cells B. nephrons C. hepatocytes D. myocardium
D. myocardium
Which apoptosis pathway involves activating caspsase-9?
A. mitochondrial pathway
B. death receptor pathway
A. mitochondrial pathway
Accumulation of triglycerides within hepatic parenchyma is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. sarcoidosis B. steatosis C. autophagic vacuole D. dystrophic calcification
B. steatosis
Which of the following is considered to be the “wear-and-tear” pigment commonly found in older cells? A. melanin B. hemosiderin C. lipofuscin D. carbon
C. lipofuscin
Dystrophic calcification involves depositing calcium into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissues? A. normal B. necrotic C. hyperplastic D. metaplastic
B. necrotic
Deposition of calcium into necrotic tissue is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. dystrophic calcification B. propagation C. metastatic calcification D. pigmentation
A. Dystrophic calcification
Metastatic calcification occurs in the presence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. hypercalcemia B. hypocalcemia C. normal calcium levels D. free radical accumulation
A. hypercalcemia
Pathological hypercalcemia causing deposition of calcium into normal tissues is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. metastatic calcification B. Metastasis C. Dystrophic calcification D. Dysraphism
A. metastatic calcification
Which of the following involves telomere shortening and limitation of the capacity for a cell to replicate? A. Replicative senescence B. misfolding of proteins C. defective protein homeostasis D. free radical accumulation
A. Replicative senescence
Calorie restriction improves DNA repair and inhibits aging?
T or F
True
