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Phonetics > Chapter 1-4 Midterm Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1-4 Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

phones

A

the sounds articulated when a person speaks, like when a child says ‘no’

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2
Q

phoneme

A

the mental sound units that make up words, like chair

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3
Q

allophone

A

the different ways sounds can be articulated, like the sounds ‘s’

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4
Q

grapheme

A
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5
Q

misarticulation

A

to mispronounce a sound

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6
Q

virgules

A

symbols used to enclose the phonemic transcription of words

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7
Q

brackets

A

symbols used to enclose the phonetic transcription of spoken words and sounds

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8
Q

phonotactics

A

the sound structure of syllables and words

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9
Q

phonotactic structure

A

every word has this, its based on its actual production, not spelling

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10
Q

the five anatomical processes of speech systems

A
  1. respiratory
  2. phonatory
    3.resonatory
  3. oral-nasal
    5.articualtory
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11
Q

manner of articulation

A

stops, fricative, affricative, nasal, liquid, and glides

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12
Q

place of articulation

A

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal

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13
Q

cognate

A

two consonant sounds that are articulated in the same place and in the same manner, but one is voiceless and the other is voiced.

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14
Q

voiced phonemes happens when…

A

air vibrates through the vocal cords

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15
Q

unvoiced phonemes happens when…

A

air passes through open vocal cords (not vibrating)

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16
Q

diphthong

A

a single vowel produced with two rapidly articulated vowel gestures

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17
Q

monophthong

A

A steady-state vowel produced with a single articulatory gesture that can be produced indefinitely

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18
Q

narrow transcription

A
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19
Q

broad transcription

A
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20
Q

voiced phonemes include

A

z, n, m, l, r, b, d, v, g, j, w, y

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21
Q

voiceless phonemes include

A

ch, s, t, th, p, k, sh, f

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22
Q

we can describe consonants by:

A
  1. voicing
  2. place of articulation
  3. manner of articulation
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23
Q

both lips come together

A

bilabial

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24
Q

Upper teeth and lower lip come together

A

labiodental

25
Q

tongue in between upper and lower teeth

A

interdental

26
Q

tongue at or near the ridge behind the upper front teeth

A

alveolar

27
Q

front hard palate or roof of the mouth

A

palatal

28
Q

at the velum or soft palate

A

velar

29
Q

at the glottis or space between vocal folds

A

glottal

30
Q

air released

A

stops

31
Q

bottleneck of airflow

A

fricative

32
Q

sequence of stop and fricative

A

affricative

33
Q

velum is lowered; air passes through nasal cavity

A

nasal

34
Q

air can pass on one or both sides of the tongue

A

liquid

35
Q

examples of bilabial sounds

A

p,b,m

36
Q

example of labiodental sounds

A

f,v

37
Q

example of interdental sounds

A

θ,ð

38
Q

example of alveolar sounds

A

t,d,s

39
Q

example of palatal sounds

A

ʃ,j,ʒ

40
Q

example of velar sounds

A

k,g

41
Q

example of glottal sounds

A

h

42
Q

example of stops

A

p,t,k,b,d,g

43
Q

example of fricatives

A

v,z,ʃ,θ

44
Q

example of affricates

A

tʃ,ʤ

45
Q

example of nasals

A

m,n,ŋ

46
Q

example of liquids

A

l,r

47
Q

example of glides

A

w,j

48
Q

free airflow

A

glides

49
Q

vowels and consonants are similar in their use of these three components of the speech system:

A

1.respiratory
2. oral-nasal
3.phonatory

50
Q

a monophthong vowel can be described in four ways. these are tongue height, ____,_____,____.

A

tongue advancement, lip rounding, tenseness

51
Q

the two parts of the diphthong are called the ___ and ____.

A

onglide, offglide

52
Q

manner of articulation

A

how a consonant is produced

53
Q

place of articulation

A

where in the vocal tract a consonant is produced

54
Q

voicing

A

whether a consonant is produced while the vocal folds are vibrating or being held apart

55
Q

respiratory system

A

the anatomy and physiology of breathing

56
Q

phonation system

A

the anatomy and physiology of producing sound by the vocal folds; provides the source of sound for all voiced speech sounds

57
Q

resonatory system

A

the amplification of sound as it travels through sympathetically vibrating structures of the vocal tract.

58
Q

oral nasal system

A

how air flows through the oral and nasal cavity, controlled by raising and lowering the velum

59
Q

articulatory system

A

the process of producing sounds using structures in the vocal tract

Phonetics (3 decks)

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