Chapter 1-4 Midterm Review

Question 1

phones

Answer 1

the sounds articulated when a person speaks, like when a child says ‘no’

Question 2

phoneme

Answer 2

the mental sound units that make up words, like chair

Question 3

allophone

Answer 3

the different ways sounds can be articulated, like the sounds ‘s’

Question 4

grapheme

Question 5

misarticulation

Answer 5

to mispronounce a sound

Question 6

virgules

Answer 6

symbols used to enclose the phonemic transcription of words

Question 7

brackets

Answer 7

symbols used to enclose the phonetic transcription of spoken words and sounds

Question 8

phonotactics

Answer 8

the sound structure of syllables and words

Question 9

phonotactic structure

Answer 9

every word has this, its based on its actual production, not spelling

Question 10

the five anatomical processes of speech systems

Answer 10

1. respiratory
2. phonatory
   3.resonatory
3. oral-nasal
   5.articualtory

Question 11

manner of articulation

Answer 11

stops, fricative, affricative, nasal, liquid, and glides

Question 12

place of articulation

Answer 12

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal

Question 13

cognate

Answer 13

two consonant sounds that are articulated in the same place and in the same manner, but one is voiceless and the other is voiced.

Question 14

voiced phonemes happens when…

Answer 14

air vibrates through the vocal cords

Question 15

unvoiced phonemes happens when…

Answer 15

air passes through open vocal cords (not vibrating)

Question 16

diphthong

Answer 16

a single vowel produced with two rapidly articulated vowel gestures

Question 17

monophthong

Answer 17

A steady-state vowel produced with a single articulatory gesture that can be produced indefinitely

Question 18

narrow transcription

Question 19

broad transcription

Question 20

voiced phonemes include

Answer 20

z, n, m, l, r, b, d, v, g, j, w, y

Question 21

voiceless phonemes include

Answer 21

ch, s, t, th, p, k, sh, f

Question 22

we can describe consonants by:

Answer 22

1. voicing
2. place of articulation
3. manner of articulation

Question 23

both lips come together

Answer 23

bilabial

Question 24

Upper teeth and lower lip come together

Answer 24

labiodental

Question 25

tongue in between upper and lower teeth

Answer 25

interdental

Question 26

tongue at or near the ridge behind the upper front teeth

Answer 26

alveolar

Question 27

front hard palate or roof of the mouth

Answer 27

palatal

Question 28

at the velum or soft palate

Answer 28

velar

Question 29

at the glottis or space between vocal folds

Answer 29

glottal

Question 30

air released

Answer 30

stops

Question 31

bottleneck of airflow

Answer 31

fricative

Question 32

sequence of stop and fricative

Answer 32

affricative

Question 33

velum is lowered; air passes through nasal cavity

Answer 33

nasal

Question 34

air can pass on one or both sides of the tongue

Answer 34

liquid

Question 35

examples of bilabial sounds

Answer 35

p,b,m

Question 36

example of labiodental sounds

Answer 36

f,v

Question 37

example of interdental sounds

Answer 37

θ,ð

Question 38

example of alveolar sounds

Answer 38

t,d,s

Question 39

example of palatal sounds

Answer 39

ʃ,j,ʒ

Question 40

example of velar sounds

Answer 40

k,g

Question 41

example of glottal sounds

Answer 41

h

Question 42

example of stops

Answer 42

p,t,k,b,d,g

Question 43

example of fricatives

Answer 43

v,z,ʃ,θ

Question 44

example of affricates

Answer 44

tʃ,ʤ

Question 45

example of nasals

Answer 45

m,n,ŋ

Question 46

example of liquids

Answer 46

l,r

Question 47

example of glides

Answer 47

w,j

Question 48

free airflow

Answer 48

glides

Question 49

vowels and consonants are similar in their use of these three components of the speech system:

Answer 49

1.respiratory 2. oral-nasal 3.phonatory

Question 50

a monophthong vowel can be described in four ways. these are tongue height, ____,_____,____.

Answer 50

tongue advancement, lip rounding, tenseness

Question 51

the two parts of the diphthong are called the ___ and ____.

Answer 51

onglide, offglide

Question 52

manner of articulation

Answer 52

how a consonant is produced

Question 53

place of articulation

Answer 53

where in the vocal tract a consonant is produced

Question 54

voicing

Answer 54

whether a consonant is produced while the vocal folds are vibrating or being held apart

Question 55

respiratory system

Answer 55

the anatomy and physiology of breathing

Question 56

phonation system

Answer 56

the anatomy and physiology of producing sound by the vocal folds; provides the source of sound for all voiced speech sounds

Question 57

resonatory system

Answer 57

the amplification of sound as it travels through sympathetically vibrating structures of the vocal tract.

Question 58

oral nasal system

Answer 58

how air flows through the oral and nasal cavity, controlled by raising and lowering the velum

Question 59

articulatory system

Answer 59

the process of producing sounds using structures in the vocal tract