Chapter 1-4: Foundations Flashcards
Speech
- Beneficial meaning
- More than 2 words (full sentence)
- Verbal
- Follows Arabic Grammar rules
Nouns
Entities and what they do
Verb
Connects to Time and Action
Particles
No fixed meaning, shifts according to context
3 Types of words
Verb, Noun, Particles
4 Signs of Nouns
- Genitive
- Tanween
- ‘al’ before it
- Prepositions preceding it
4 signs of verb
- ‘Qad’ before it (something really happened or just happened)
- ‘sa’ prefix (near future)
- ‘sawfa’ preceding (distant future)
- fem ‘ta’ at end of word
sign of particle
absence of signs (of noun and verb) is sign of particle
Inflection / Syntax
(‘iraab)
Change
at word endings
due to governing agents
being articulated or non-articulated
Mu’rab and Mabni
Mu’rab are words that endings change
Mabni are words that endings don’t change
4 Categories of Syntax
- Raf’, nominative, marfu’
- nasb, accusative, mansoob
- khafd, genitive, majroor
- jazm, jussive
Singular Noun Sounds
REGULAR:-
- Aa, ee, oo
IRREGULAR:-
- 5 Nouns: ab, akh, ham, fam, dhu
- Partial Declension: ooo, aaa, aaa
Dual Noun Sounds
aani
ayni
ayni
Plural Noun Sounds
REGULAR:-
- Masculine: oona, eena, eena
- Feminine: atun, atin, atin
IRREGULAR:-
- Partial Declension: ooo, aaa, aaa
- Broken: oo, aa, ee
What is Partial Declension
No Kasra, or Tanween
One Reason for Partial Declension
2 reasons- 1 from each category
(a)
Proper Noun
Adjective
(b)
Feminity
Non Arabic
Compounded
Alif and nun sakin
Verbal Form
Mutation of word
eg. ‘Fatima’ is a proper noun, and is feminine.
Second reason for Partial Declension
- Final plural of word
- Fem without ta-marbuta
Signs of Rafa’ (nom)
- dhamma
- waw
- alif
- nun
Signs of nasb (acc)
- fatha
- alif
- kasra
- ya
- omission of nun
Signs of khafd (gen)
- kasra
- ya
- fatha
Signs of jazm
- sukoon
- omission of nun
