Chapter 1-4 Flashcards
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of …
Ions
In ionic bonding, the metal atoms lose electrons to form what
Positive ions
Atoms with full shells are…
Stable
When atoms lose or gain electrons they are trying to…
Fill their outer shell
When metals form ions they gain what?
Electrons in their outer shell to form negative ions
Group 1 and 2 elements are metals and they lose electrons to form…
Positive ions (cations)
Group 6 and 7 are non metals. They gain electrons into…
Their outer shell to form negative ions(anions)
What is the ionic equation:
Sodium atom is in group 1 so it loses an electron
Na = Na+ +e-
Covalent bonding:
Are the metals which share pairs of electrons metal or non-metal
Non- metal
Positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to…
By …
The shared pair of electrons by electrostatic forces
Use dot and cross to show bonding in covalent compounds.However,
It doesn’t show relative sizes of atoms or how the atoms are arranged in space
Lined structure connecting letters, has no 3D STRUCTURE however…
Shows covalent bonds with the lines
3D model shows the atoms, the covalent bonds and their arrangement. Name a disadvantage
Doesn’t show where the electrons in the bonds have come from
Diamond has a giant covalent structure, made up of carbon atoms .those strong covalent bonds take a lot of energy to break and give diamond a very high
Melting point
Diamond doesn’t conduct electricity because….
It has no free electrons or ions
Graphite is soft and slippery , why?
Because they are held together weakly, so they’re free to move over each other.
Graphite high melting point
True or false
Each carbon atom allows the graphite to…
Conduct electricity. Each carbon atom in graphite has one delocalised(free)
Graphene is one layer of graphite.
Graphene is a singular sheet of carbon atoms joined together in hexagons
True ‘false
Graphene Is two dimensional due to the sheet being one atom thick
True. False
Graphene contains delocalised electrons do it conducts electricity through the structure
True false
The mole equation
Mass in g divide mr
Concentration equation
Distance travelled by solute divide distance travelled by solvent
How many units on the side = distance, solvent
Normal measure form the dot = distance travelled by solvent
Mobile phase in paper chromatography
Solvent, where molecules move. Liquid or gas
Stationary phase
Filter paper doesn’t move
Test for chlorine
Chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper , turning it white
Oxygen test
Put a damp splint inside a test tube, oxygen will relight the glowing splint.
Carbon dioxide test
Shake carbon dioxide with an aqueous solution(limewater) causing solution to go cloudy
Test for hydrogen
If you hold a lit splint at the open end end of a test tube containing hydrogen, you’ll get a squeaky pop
Modern periodic table
Laid out in order of increasing atomic number (proton)
Vertical columns named…
Groups
Group number tells us what…
How many electrons are in the outer shell
