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histology > CHAPTER 1-4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant carcinoma

A

Arise from surface epithelia

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2
Q

• Adenocarcinomas

gland or epithelia ?

A

GLAND

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3
Q

Types of basement membrane

A

• BASAL LAMINA
 electron-dense, sheet-like layer of fine fibrils
• RETICULAR LAMINA
 diffuse and fibrous
 contains TYPE III COLLAGEN and is bound to TYPE VII COLLAGEN

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4
Q

Perlecan

A

 gives basal lamina a 3D-structure

-  cross-link laminins to the type IV collagen

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5
Q

JUNCTIONS

INTEGRINS (binds to LAMININ) - Extracted with salt solution

  • EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA / BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
    o skin blistering disorder
    o Example: pemphigus vulgaris
A

o Hemidesmosomes

freeze fracture / cryofracture

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6
Q

zonula “Band encircling the cell”occludens

  • ribbon-like area of fusion / leaflet
A

TIGHT JUNCTION

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7
Q

• Where ENTEROTOXIN secreted by C. perfringence (causes food poisoning) binds

  • In tight junction
A

claudins

add ons:
occludins
zo protein

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8
Q

• Targeted by H. pylori (causes: GASTRIC ULCER)

in Tight junction

A

zo protein

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9
Q

compromised fetal blood–brain barrier in tight junction

A

occludins

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10
Q

E-CADHERIN (binds to CATENINS) protein link

belt desmosome

A

o Intermediate / anchoring junction / zonula adherens

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11
Q

• disk-shaped adhesive site / “SPOT-WELD”

A

o desmosome (macula adherens / binding body)

-protein link:
cadherin family: o desmogleins and desmocollins

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12
Q

o ALLOW TRANSFER OF ION CELL TO CELl

A

gap junction

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13
Q

causes DEAFNESS and PERIPHERAL NEUROPHATY in gap junction

A

connexin protein in connexon

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14
Q

 finger-like projections with glycocalyx

A

microvilli

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15
Q

 maintain the shape of the cilium (with axoneme)

A

• nexin (elastic protein)

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16
Q

 Axonemes lacks ciliary dynei arms

 abnormal ciliary beat

A

• Immotile cilia syndrome

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17
Q

most abundant To least abundant ECM

A

Connective (support and protection),

muscle(contraction; movement),

epithelial (lining; glandular secretion)
nervous

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18
Q

o Example: parotid gland

o gland where secretory cells release their contents by exocytosis.

A

merocrine gland

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19
Q

oExample: lactating mammary gland

o part of apical cytoplasm is released

A

 apocrine glands

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20
Q

o example: sebaceous gland
o entire secretory cell
o content is released

A

holocrine

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21
Q

It mediates the linkage of molecules outside the cell with cytoskeletal elements inside the cell.

A

fibronectin

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22
Q

Cleavage of procollagen by procollagen

peptidases

A

collagen synthesis outside the cell

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23
Q

defect in the translation of

mRNA for type III collagen; ruptured bowel

A

Ehlers-Danlos type IV syndrome.

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24
Q

influences calcification of bone

A

osteonectin

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25
Q

a fibroblasts that migrates during wound healing

  • manufactured by connective tissue cells
A

fibronectin

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26
Q

adhesive glycoprotein that links type IV

collagen with laminin in the lamina

A

entactin

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27
Q

main component of peripheral microfibrils in an elastic fiber

A

fibrillin

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28
Q

an organelles which divides by

fission

A

peroxisome

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29
Q

Movement of protein from RER to endoplasmic
reticulum-Golgi-intermediate compartment
(ERGIC)

(A) Clathrin-coated vesicle
(B) Coatomer-coated vesicle

A

Coatomer-coated vesicle

30
Q

Retrieval of secretion-granule membrane
after exocytosis

A) Clathrin-coated vesicle
(B) Coatomer-coated vesicle

A

Clathrin-coated vesicle

31
Q

Vesicular movement of protein from trans to
cis Golgi cisternae

A) Clathrin-coated vesicle
(B) Coatomer-coated vesicle

A

Coatomer-coated vesicle

32
Q

Movement of acid hydrolases from the trans
Golgi network to a late endosome

A) Clathrin-coated vesicle
(B) Coatomer-coated vesicle

A

Clathrin-coated vesicle

33
Q
  1. Is associated with kinesin

2.Consists of globular actin monomers linked
into a double helix

  1. Has a rigid wall composed of 13 protofilament strand
  2. Provides structural support to astrocytes

choices
(A) Microfilament
(B) Intermediate filament
(C) Microtubule

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. C
  4. B
34
Q

Anticodons are located in what RNA

A

TRANSFER RNA

35
Q

1.An inclusion not bounded by a membrane
that is observable only during interphase

  1. Continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum
  2. Controls movement of proteins in and out
    of the nucleus
  3. . Site of transcriptional activity
  4. Clumps of nucleoprotein; Predominates in Lymphocyte.
choices:
 (A) Nuclear pore complex
(B) Nucleolus
(C) Heterochromatin
(D) Outer nuclear membrane
(E) Euchromatin
A
  1. B NUCLEOLUS
  2. D OUTER NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
  3. A nuclear pore
  4. E. euchromatin
  5. c. heterochromatin
36
Q

ostructural unit of DNA into chromatin and 8 histones

o “beads on a string”

A

nucleosome

37
Q

• - nucleolus disappears
• threadlike chromosomes in centromere
- centrosomes at the opposite pole

A

PROPHASE

38
Q

• Kinetochores (moving)

o Chromosomes condense further into alignment at the equatorial plate

A

METAPHASE

39
Q

Chromosomes toward opposite spindle poles

A

ANAPHASE

40
Q
  1. chromosomes line up double file
  2. Single file

a. Metaphase I
b. Metaphase II

A
  1. A

2. B

41
Q
  1. sister chromatids remain joined.
  2. • Sister chromatids into nonidentical haploid cells

a. Anaphase I/ Telophase I
b. Anaphase II/ Telophase II

A
  1. A

2. B

42
Q

 Cleave / degrade DNA

A

o Endonucleases

43
Q
  • Controlled by Bcl-2 family

- Triggered by p53

A

Apoptosis

44
Q
  • Bound to cytoplasmic side

* DETERGENT TO DISRUPT LIPID

A

peripheral protein

45
Q

• For lipophilic (fat-soluble; nonpolar) molecules

passive or mediated ?

A

passive diffusion

type:
simple
- unassisted
-NONPOLAR

46
Q

 cell membrane invaginates (dimples inward) to create a pit with a drop of ECF.

= Pinocytic vesicle

A

o Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”)

47
Q
  • facilitates invagination of pits
  • constricting loops around the developing neck of the pit causing coated vesicle.

-cage-like invagination of clathrin

A

CLATHRIN

DYNAMIN

Coated vesicle

48
Q

for protein secretion
- o Lysosomal enzyme synthesis
o chaperonins
o Cisternae (SAC-LIKE reservoir)

SER OR RER ?

A

RER

EXAMPLE:

49
Q

o Lipid, steroid and carbs synthesis

o detoxifies both drugs and alcohol by cytochrome P450

A

SER

50
Q

 barrel-shaped protein in cytosol

  •  ubiquitin
A

PROTEASOME (FREE RIBOSOME)

51
Q

Forward movement in cis face of golgi apparatus (camillo golgi 1898)

COP I or COP II

A

COP II

52
Q

o digest organelles by autophagy

o ENDOCYTOSIS

A

LYSOSOME

-lipofuscin as indigestible material.  pale brown granule
 “age pigment”/ “wear and tear pigment”
 ONLY MEMBRANE BOUND

53
Q

stains for lysosome

TEM
LM

A

o TEM: FLUORESCENT DYE in blue Hoechst-stained
(Green)
mitochondria (red)

-LM : Toluidine blue

54
Q

 formation of bile acid and cholesterol

A

peroxisome

55
Q
  1. defective peroxisomal proteins

2. Deficiencies of peroxisomal enzymes

A
  1.  Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy

2.  Zellweger syndrome

56
Q
  • Anterograde transport
  • Carry AWAY from MTOC.

kinesin or cytoplasmic dyneins

A

kinesin

cytoplasmic dyneins

  • retrograde
  • toward nucleus
57
Q

 G-actin monomer subunit with k+ and Mg2+ in F-actin

A

microfilament

58
Q

myosin I vs. myosin II

A

o Myosin I
 Cytokinesis to produce 2 cells

o Myosin II
 Endocytosis to produce cell surface

59
Q

memorize!
CLASS 1
- skin blister

CLASS II
- Keratoderma; corneal dystrophy

CLASS III

  • Myopathies
  • vimentin

CLASS IV
- Alexander disease

A

CLASS 1
- skin blister

CLASS II
- Keratoderma; corneal dystrophy

CLASS III
- Myopathies

CLASS IV
- Alexander disease

60
Q

o epididymis
o vas deferens of male RT

stereocilia or cilia?

A

stereocilia

61
Q

Excess holocrine secretion of sebum and keratin causes

A

acne, acne vulgaris

62
Q

used in naming types of

epithelia

A

of cell layer

63
Q

release of lipid droplets from cells is which type of secretion?

A

apocrine

64
Q

 Associated with RT infection

A

cilia

65
Q

intermediate filament protein found in cytoplasm of most

epithelial cells

A

keratin

66
Q

flattened parallel stack

A

cisternae

67
Q

barrel shaped protein

-ubiquitin

A

proteasome

68
Q

secretory product of golgi apparatus

A

zymogen granule

69
Q

o plaque-like entity

gap or tight junction?

A

gap junction

70
Q

 LONG MICROVILLI
 Location:
o epididymis
o vas deferens of male RT

A

stereocili

histology (4 decks)

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