Chapter 1

Question 1

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

father of microbiology
skilled at grinding glass lenses - magnified objects 300x
saw animalcules (microbes)

Question 2

transition period

Answer 2

period between Leeuwenhoek and Pasteur

Question 3

Semmelweis

Answer 3

studied childbed (puerperal) fever in new mothers (blood poisoning)

incidence rate went down when medical assistants washed their hands

Question 4

John Snow

Answer 4

studied cholera in London, found that it occurred near water pumps

took off handle of water pump, incidence rate went down

Question 5

Pasteur

Answer 5

disproved spontaneous generation
experiments with wine spoilage
developed the Germ Theory of Disease

Question 6

epidemiology

Answer 6

study of source, cause, and mode of disease transmission

Question 7

variolation

Answer 7

exposing individuals to dried smallpox specimen

Question 8

Edward Jenner

Answer 8

developed vaccination for smallpox from safer cowpox

Question 9

Classical Golden Age (5)

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur - Germ Theory of Disease
Robert Koch - Koch's postulates
vaccines, immunology
most bacteria identified
realization of viruses (poisons)

Question 10

Robert Koch

Answer 10

Anthrax studies - anthrax bacteria in cattle blood sample –> injected in mice, got sick
Koch’s postulate
pure culture techniques

Question 11

Koch’s Postulate

Answer 11

relates a single organism to a single disease

Question 12

Joseph Lister

Answer 12

developed practice of antisepsis - chemical disinfection of external living surfaces

Question 13

Paul Erlich

Answer 13

developed Salvarsan, chemical that cured syphilis

Question 14

Alexander Fleming

Answer 14

developed penicillin upon observing that penicillium mold kills bacteria

Question 15

Second Golden Age (3)

Answer 15

realization that bacteria are a good model system
electron microscope
antibiotics