Chapter 1

Question 0

is conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems & potential solutions

Answer 0

Applied research

Question 1

Part of a causal inference; a potential alternative cause of an observed relationship between variables

Answer 1

Alternative explanations

Question 3

ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scien-tific investigations

Answer 3

Skepticism

Question 4

Use of objective observations to answer a question about the nature of behavior.

Answer 4

Empiricism

Question 5

A convincing and influential source

Answer 5

Authority

Question 6

Research that tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior

Answer 6

Basic Research

Question 7

Observing that a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in a second variable

Answer 7

Covariation of cause and effect

Question 8

The principle that a good scientific idea or theory should be capable of being shown to be false when tested using scientific methods

Answer 8

Falsifiability

Question 9

What are the four goals of behavioral science?

Answer 9

1) Describe behavior
2) Predict behavior
3) Determine the causes of behavior
4) Understand or Explain behavior

Question 10

Unquestioningly accepting what your own personal judgment or a single story about one person’s experience tells you

Answer 10

Intuition

Question 11

The process of judging the scientific merit of research through review by other scientists with the expertise to evaluate the research

Answer 11

Peer review

Question 12

Research designed to assess procedures that are designed to produce certain changes or outcomes in a target population

Answer 12

Program Evaluation

Question 13

Claims that are made on the basis of evidence that, despite appearances, is not based on the principles of the scientific method.

Answer 13

Pseudoscience

Question 14

The cause occurs before the effect

Answer 14

Temporal precedence