Chapter 1 Flashcards
Health Psychology
The application of psychological principles and research to the enhancement of health, and the prevention and treatment of illness
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
Trephination
An ancient medical intervention in which a hole was drilled into the human skull to presumably allow”evil spirits” to escape
Humoral theory
A concept of health proposed by Hippocrates that considered wellness a state of perfect equilibrium among four basic body fluids, called humors. Sickness was believed to be the result of disturbances in the balance of humors
Epidemic
Literally, among the people; an epidemic disease is one that spreads rapidly among many individuals in a community at the same time. A pandemic disease affects people over a large geographical area
Mindy-body dualism
The philosophical viewpoint that mind and body are separate entities that don’t interact
Biomedical model
The dominant view of 20th century medicine that maintains that illness always had a (biological) physical cause
Psychosomatic medicine
An outdated branch of medicine that focused on the diagnosis and treatment of physical diseases caused by faulty psychological processes
Behavioral medicine
An interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and biomedical sciences in promoting health and treating disease
Etiology
origins of specific diseases
Biopsychosocial (mind-body) perspective
The viewpoint that help other behaviors are determined by the interaction a biological mechanisms, psychological processes, and social influences
Life-course perspective
Theoretical perspective that focuses on age-related aspects of health and illness
Birth cohort
A group of people who because they were born at about the same time experience similar historical and social conditions
Socio-cultural perspective
Theoretical perspective that focuses on how social and cultural factors contribute to health and disease
Gender perspective
Theoretical perspective that focuses on gender specific health problems and gender barriers to healthcare
Systems Theory
The viewpoint that nature is best understood as a hierarchy of systems, in which each system is simultaneously composed of small subsystems and larger, interelated systems
Acute disorders
Short-term illness
Chronic Illness
Long-term illness
Conversion Hysteria
causes patients to suffer from neurological symptoms, such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits without a definable organic cause
Correlational Research
measures whether a change in one variable corresponds to a change in another variable (does not manipulate an independent variable)
Epidemiology
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
Experiment
research creates specific conditions that differ to evaluate a specific theory
Longitudinal Research
research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time
Morbidity
Amount of people who have the disease at any given time
Mortality
people who die from the disease
Prospective research
current monitoring
Randomized Clinical Trials
used in treatment and intervention protocols
Retrospective Research
past behaviors, verbal historical reports
Wellness
optimum state of health
Biofeedback
device that shows biological mechanism through visual representation
Life Expectancy
expected number of years that remain for a given persons age
Factors that affect prenatal mortality
prenatal care
not drinking/smoking
decreased infant mortality rate
Observational Study
requires people who already apply to study (i.e. people who already smoke)
Quasi
not manipulating the independent variable
Reliability
Consistency
Validity
Accuracy
Confounding Variable
variable that changes but is not directly manipulated by research
Metanalysis
pulls research from multiple studies into one large case group. Similar to a review.
Cross-sectional Research
Looks a cross section of population in any given time period (i.e. different age groups and heart disease)
