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Health Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Health Psychology

A

The application of psychological principles and research to the enhancement of health, and the prevention and treatment of illness

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2
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

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3
Q

Trephination

A

An ancient medical intervention in which a hole was drilled into the human skull to presumably allow”evil spirits” to escape

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4
Q

Humoral theory

A

A concept of health proposed by Hippocrates that considered wellness a state of perfect equilibrium among four basic body fluids, called humors. Sickness was believed to be the result of disturbances in the balance of humors

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5
Q

Epidemic

A

Literally, among the people; an epidemic disease is one that spreads rapidly among many individuals in a community at the same time. A pandemic disease affects people over a large geographical area

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6
Q

Mindy-body dualism

A

The philosophical viewpoint that mind and body are separate entities that don’t interact

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7
Q

Biomedical model

A

The dominant view of 20th century medicine that maintains that illness always had a (biological) physical cause

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8
Q

Psychosomatic medicine

A

An outdated branch of medicine that focused on the diagnosis and treatment of physical diseases caused by faulty psychological processes

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9
Q

Behavioral medicine

A

An interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and biomedical sciences in promoting health and treating disease

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10
Q

Etiology

A

origins of specific diseases

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11
Q

Biopsychosocial (mind-body) perspective

A

The viewpoint that help other behaviors are determined by the interaction a biological mechanisms, psychological processes, and social influences

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12
Q

Life-course perspective

A

Theoretical perspective that focuses on age-related aspects of health and illness

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13
Q

Birth cohort

A

A group of people who because they were born at about the same time experience similar historical and social conditions

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14
Q

Socio-cultural perspective

A

Theoretical perspective that focuses on how social and cultural factors contribute to health and disease

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15
Q

Gender perspective

A

Theoretical perspective that focuses on gender specific health problems and gender barriers to healthcare

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16
Q

Systems Theory

A

The viewpoint that nature is best understood as a hierarchy of systems, in which each system is simultaneously composed of small subsystems and larger, interelated systems

17
Q

Acute disorders

A

Short-term illness

18
Q

Chronic Illness

A

Long-term illness

19
Q

Conversion Hysteria

A

causes patients to suffer from neurological symptoms, such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits without a definable organic cause

20
Q

Correlational Research

A

measures whether a change in one variable corresponds to a change in another variable (does not manipulate an independent variable)

21
Q

Epidemiology

A

the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

22
Q

Experiment

A

research creates specific conditions that differ to evaluate a specific theory

23
Q

Longitudinal Research

A

research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time

24
Q

Morbidity

A

Amount of people who have the disease at any given time

25
Q

Mortality

A

people who die from the disease

26
Q

Prospective research

A

current monitoring

27
Q

Randomized Clinical Trials

A

used in treatment and intervention protocols

28
Q

Retrospective Research

A

past behaviors, verbal historical reports

29
Q

Wellness

A

optimum state of health

30
Q

Biofeedback

A

device that shows biological mechanism through visual representation

31
Q

Life Expectancy

A

expected number of years that remain for a given persons age

32
Q

Factors that affect prenatal mortality

A

prenatal care
not drinking/smoking
decreased infant mortality rate

33
Q

Observational Study

A

requires people who already apply to study (i.e. people who already smoke)

34
Q

Quasi

A

not manipulating the independent variable

35
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency

36
Q

Validity

A

Accuracy

37
Q

Confounding Variable

A

variable that changes but is not directly manipulated by research

38
Q

Metanalysis

A

pulls research from multiple studies into one large case group. Similar to a review.

39
Q

Cross-sectional Research

A

Looks a cross section of population in any given time period (i.e. different age groups and heart disease)

Health Psychology (4 decks)

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