Chapter 1

Question 1

What other 3 subjects does political geography primarily tie into?

Answer 1

Cultural geography, international relations, & most of all, cultural studies

Question 2

Who said that culture is ordinary but varies everywhere?

Answer 2

Raymond Williams

Question 3

Who said this? “Culture is the best which has been taught & said in the world. This idea is associated with specific time & place

Answer 3

Matthew Arnold

Question 4

Idea that powerful groups in society (what we used to call ruling class) maintain the status quo (even though they do not benefit from it) by attempting to make the worldview that best benefits them seem natural & correct

Answer 4

Cultural Hegemony

Question 5

Ideas or images that appear natural but that lend support or credence to a particular worldview

Answer 5

Ideology (similar to cultural hegemony)

Question 6

An arena where power relations are both established & potentially unsettled.

Answer 6

Terrain of Struggle

Question 7

Naturalize the status quo, inequalities between people & the way different people are hierarchized (who is at top of the social ladder, who is on the bottom)

Answer 7

Hegemonic Cultural Forms

Question 8

De-naturalize the status quo, & suggest that inequalities that exist are not natural but the result of particular histories & contemporary practices. Reveal & challenge the fact that hegemonic cultural forms create desires, worldviews, & identities that serve status quo

Answer 8

Counter-Hegemonic Cultural Forms

Question 9

Seeks to create different desires, worldviews, identities

Answer 9

Counter-Hegemonic Cultural Forms

Question 10

Cultivate desires, worldviews, & identities that serve or at least do not threaten the status quo & those who benefit from them

Answer 10

Hegemonic Cultural Forms

Question 11

Used Darwin’[s writings to generate an “organic theory of the state” & geopolitics as applied political geography

Answer 11

Frederick Ratzel

Question 12

Blind to how their own subject’s positions may have influenced what they saw when they looked at world affairs.

Answer 12

Environmental Determinism

Question 13

Populations draw strength from territory; expansion of the state a sign of strength

Answer 13

Organic theory of the state

Question 14

Living space, taken by strong culture from weaker ones

Answer 14

Lebensraum

Question 15

Primary division within geography; one emphasizes environmental processes while the other focuses on social processes

Answer 15

Physical & human geography

Question 16

Theory that the environment determines cultural behavior

Answer 16

Environmental determinism

Question 17

Alliance founded to fight against the soviet union during the cold war

Answer 17

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Question 18

Belief that during the Cold War that if one country becomes Communist its neighboring states will as well

Answer 18

Domino Theory

Question 19

Form of geography associated with quantitative analysis of locations & distributions

Answer 19

Spatial Science

Question 20

2D surface with location finding grid associated with it

Answer 20

Cartesian plane

Question 21

Political economic theory & practice that argues that economic exploitation is at the root of society

Answer 21

Marxism

Question 22

Body of thought that takes meaning as not pre-given

Answer 22

Post-structuralism

Question 23

Intellectual movement dedicated to questioning the geographic assumptions of global politics

Answer 23

Critical geopolitics

Question 24

A way of talking & thinking about a subject

Answer 24

Discourse

Question 25

The assumption that states are the natural unit of analysis in geopolitics

Answer 25

State-centrism

Question 26

Organizations dedicated to policy analysis

Answer 26

Think tanks

Question 27

Societies brought into existence by the use of common literature & media

Answer 27

Imagined communities

Question 28

Belief that there is a fundamental distinction (& opposition) between western & eastern societies

Answer 28

Orientalism

Question 29

Person’s (or society’s) constellation of taken-for-granted truths about the world & the way in which power should be utilized in the world

Answer 29

Geopolitical imagination

Question 30

Everyday ways in which citizens are reminded of their national affiliation; a reservoir that can be drawn on in times of crisis

Answer 30

Banal nationalism