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Architecture And Operating System > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Software

A

Programs that interact with the hardware.

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1
Q

Hardware

A

the physical computer and the parts inside the computer are examples of hardware. The monitor, keyboard, and mouse are hardware components.

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2
Q

Operating system

A

coordinates the interaction between hardware and software applications. The operating system also handles the interaction between a user and the computer.

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3
Q

Device driver

A

is a special piece of software designed to enable a hardware component. The device driver enables the operating system to recognize, control, and use the hardware component. Device drivers are hardware and operating system specific

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4
Q

Kernel

A

The kernel is the central part of an operating system. The kernel is the connection between hardware and the applications being used.

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5
Q

Firmware

A

combines hardware and software into important chips inside the computer. It is called firmware because it is a chip, which is hardware, and it has software built into the chip. An example of firmware is the BIOS (basic input/output system) chip. BIOS chips always have software inside them. The BIOS has startup software that must be present for a computer to operate. This startup software locates and loads the operating system

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6
Q

Input device

A

is used to put data into the computer. A microphone, keyboard, mouse, or your finger (when used with a tablet or phone) are great examples. Also, biometric devices can be input devices.

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7
Q

Output devices

A

such as a monitor accepts data from the computer. Some devices can be both input and output devices, such as a printer or a touch screen.

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8
Q

KVM switch

A

A device that can be both an input device and an output device is a KVM switch. KVM stands for keyboard, video, mouse, and a KVM switch allows connectivity of multiple devices so they can be shared between computers. For example, one keyboard, one mouse, and one display could connect to a KVM switch. A KVM switch has cables that allow it to connect or output to two or more computers.

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9
Q

Power supply

A

One purpose of the power supply is to convert the AC voltage that comes out of the outlet to DC voltage. The power supply distributes this DC voltage using power cables that connect to the various internal computer parts. A fan located inside the power supply keeps the computer cool, which avoids damage to the components.

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10
Q

Hard drive

A

sometimes called hard disk, is a rectangular box normally inside the computer’s case that is sealed to keep out dust and dirt.

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11
Q

Optical drives

A

holds discs (CDs, DVDs, or BDs) that have data, music, video, or software applications on them.

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12
Q

Motherboard

A

is the main circuit board located inside a PC and contains the most electronics. It is normally located on the bottom of a desktop or laptop computer and mounted on the side of a tower computer. Other names for the motherboard include mainboard, planar, or systemboard. The motherboard is the largest electronic circuit board in the computer.

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13
Q

Adapters

A

are electronic circuit cards that normally plug into an expansion slot on the motherboard. Other names for an adapter are controller, card, controller card, circuit card, circuit board, and adapter board

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14
Q

Riser board

A

plugs into the motherboard and has its own expansion slots. Adapters can plug into these expansion slots instead of directly into the motherboard. Riser boards are used with rack-mounted servers and low-profile desktop computer models. The riser card is commonly inserted into a motherboard slot or attached using screws

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15
Q

RAM memory

A

is the most common in all computing devices and is volatile memory—that is, the data inside the chips is lost when power is removed. When a user types a document in a word processing program, both the word processing application and the document are in RAM.

16
Q

ROM memory

A

ROM (read-only memory) is nonvolatile memory because data stays inside the chip even when the computer is turned off. ROM chips are sometimes installed on adapters such as a network or video card.

17
Q

Port

A

is a connector on a motherboard or on a separate adapter that allows a device to connect to a computer. Sometimes a motherboard has ports built directly into the motherboard.

18
Q

Integrated motherboard

A

Motherboards that have ports built into them

19
Q

D-shell connector

A

has more pins or holes on top than on the bottom, so a cable connected to the D-shell connector can be inserted in only one direction and cannot be accidentally flipped upside down.

20
Q

Mini DIN connector

A

is round with small holes and is normally keyed. When a connector is keyed, the cable can only be inserted one way. Keyboard and mouse connectors, commonly called PS/2 ports, are examples of mini-DIN connectors.

21
Q

Mechanical mouse

A

uses a rubber ball inserted into the bottom of the mouse. The rubber ball turns small metal, rubber, or plastic rollers mounted on the sides. The rollers relay the mouse movement to the computer

22
Q

Optical mouse

A

has optical sensors that detect the direction in which the mouse ball moves. It uses reflections from LEDs from almost any surface to detect the mouse location

23
Q

Video ports

A

VGA
DVI Digital Visual Interface), and it has three rows of square holes. DVI ports are used to connect flat panel digital displays. Some flat panel monitors can also use the older VGA port
Dual and single link Dual has more resolution
S-VIDEO

24
Q

USB port

A

allows up to 127 connected devices to transmit at speeds up to 5Gbps (5 billion bits per second).
USB ports and devices come in three versions—1.0/1.1, 2.0 (Hi-Speed), and 3.0 (SuperSpeed). USB 1.0 operates at speeds of 1.5Mbps and 12Mbps; version 2.0 operates at speeds up to 480Mbps. Version 3.0 transmits data up to 5Gbps. The 3.0 USB port, which still accepts older devices, is colored blue.
USB 3.0 is backward compatible with the older versions, which means that the cables from any 1.0/2.0 device work with a 3.0 port. To achieve USB 3.0 speeds, however, a 3.0 device, 3.0 port, and 3.0 cable must be used. The version 1 and 2 cables used 4 wires. Version 3 cables use 9 wires

25
Q

Parallel port

A

Serial ports are used for external analog modems, printers, and some networking equipment. Serial ports, like parallel ports, are obsolete, having been replaced by USB ports.

26
Q

Sound card

A

converts digital computer signals to sound and sound to digital computer signals. A sound card is sometimes called an audio card and can be integrated into the mother-board or be on an adapter that contains several ports. The most common ports include a port for a microphone, MP3 player, or other audio device.

27
Q

IEEE 1394

A

The IEEE 1394 standard is a serial technology developed by Apple Computer. Sometimes it is known as FireWire (Apple), i.Link (Sony), or Lynx (Texas Instruments).

28
Q

IEEE 1394 types

A

has two data transfer modes—asynchronous and isochronous. The asynchronous mode focuses on ensuring that data is delivered reliably. Isochronous transfers allow guaranteed bandwidth (which is needed for audio/video transfers) but does not provide for error correction or retransmission

29
Q

eSATA port

A

SATA (serial AT attachment) is used for connecting storage devices such as hard drives or optical drives. A 7-pin nonpowered eSATA (external SATA) port is used to connect external storage devices to computers at a maximum of approximately 6.6 feet or 2 meters. An eSATA port is commonly found on laptops to provide additional storage. If the internal hard drive has crashed, an external drive connected to an eSATA or USB port could be used to boot and troubleshoot the system.

30
Q

Network Port

A

are used to connect a computer to other computers, including a network server. The most common type of network port is an Ethernet port. A network cable inserts into the Ethernet port to connect the computing device to the wired network. A network port or an adapter that has a network port is commonly called a NIC (network interface card/controller)

31
Q

Modem port

A

connects a computer to a phone line. A modem can be internal or external. An internal modem is an adapter that has one or two RJ-11 connectors. An external modem is a separate device that sits outside the computer and connects to a 9-pin serial port or a USB port. The external modem can also have one or two RJ-11

Architecture And Operating System (7 decks)

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