Chapter 1-3 Test Study

Question 1

Organic chemistry

Answer 1

study of all chemicals containing carbon. (might develop lightweight plastics for flying disks)

Question 2

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 2

study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon. (nonliving things/ might develop metal materials that provide strong structural parts for a building)

Question 3

Biochemistry

Answer 3

study of processes that take place in living organisms. （include muscle contraction and digestion/ study the energy used for the contraction of muscles is produced and stored)

Question 4

Analytical chemistry

Answer 4

study that focuses on the composition of matter. (measuring the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere/ might test the air for the presence of pollutants)

Question 5

Physical chemistry

Answer 5

area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change. (might study the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in trees.

Question 6

Pure chemistry

Answer 6

is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake. (chemists in this field don’t expect that there will be any immediate practical use for the knowledge.)

Question 7

Applied chemistry-

Answer 7

research that is directed towards a practical goal or application. (pure chem + applied chem is often linked)(The area of study that you would use to determine the components of an unknown liquid is analytical chemistry.)

Question 8

Chemistry as the central science
(big idea)

Answer 8

Chemistry overlaps with all the other sciences. Physicists, biologists, astronomers, geologists, environmental scientists, and others use chemistry in twitter work.

Question 9

Electrons and the structure of atoms (big idea)

Answer 9

Elements are composed of particles called atoms and every atom contains a nucleus and one or more electrons. The type of products obtained in a chemical reaction is largely determined by the electrons in the reacting chemicals.

Question 10

Bonding and interactions (big idea)

Answer 10

Most elements exist in chemical compounds (collection of two or more elements held together by a relatively strong attractive force.)

Question 11

Reactions (big idea)

Answer 11

Chemical reactions involve processes in which reactants produce products.(striking a match, compound is the match head and oxygen and the reactant is the new compound of products)

Question 12

Kinetic theory
(big idea)

Answer 12

Particles of matter are in constant motion.

Question 13

The mole and quantifying matter (big idea)

Answer 13

When conducting a chemical reaction, you would want to use just the right amount of the reacting material so none is wasted. This is possible using the mole(is a measurement)

Question 14

Matter and energy (big idea)

Answer 14

Every chemical process uses or produces energy. Changes in quantity called free energy allow you to predict whether a chemical reaction will actually occur.

Question 15

Carbon chemistry
(big idea)

Answer 15

Carbon compounds are the basis of life in all living organisms.

Question 16

3 reasons to study chemistry

Answer 16

Explaining the natural world, Preparing for a Career, Being an informed citizen

Question 17

Outcome of Research: Technology

Answer 17

means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired.

Question 18

Outcome of Research: Materials and the environment

Answer 18

chemists don’t just study matter, they also use what they know about the structure and properties of matter to make new materials with different or improved properties.

Question 19

Outcome of Research: Energy

Answer 19

to meet global demand for energy either conserve or produce more.

Question 20

Outcome of Research: Medicine and biotechnology

Answer 20

chem supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use.

Question 21

Outcome of Research: The universe

Answer 21

to study the universe chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back

Question 22

Scientific method

Answer 22

observation, generalize, hypothesis, experiment/test hypothesis

Question 23

intensive properties

Answer 23

depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

Question 24

Extensive Properties

Answer 24

depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Question 25

Chemical properties of matter

Answer 25

flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion

Question 26

Physical properties of matter

Answer 26

color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melting point, and boiling point.

Question 27

three clues that are indicators of a chemical change

Answer 27

a change in color, change in temperature, formation of a gas, and formation of a precipitate

Question 28

Mixtures

Answer 28

physical blend of two or more components
heterogeneous or homogeneous
can be separated back to original components

Question 29

compound

Answer 29

a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Question 30

distillation

Answer 30

a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

Question 31

accuracy

Answer 31

how close a measurement results comes to the true value.

Question 32

precision

Answer 32

how close a measurement results comes to the other results

Question 33

percent error formula

Answer 33

|(experimental value-accepted value)/accepted value| x 100

Question 34

density equations

Answer 34

D = M/V
V = M/D
M = D x V

Question 35

precise reading on graduated cylinder

Answer 35

bottom of the water line

Question 36

precise reading on thermometer

Answer 36

top of the mercury line

Question 37

pure substance

Answer 37

are further broken down into elements and compounds

Question 38

methods to separate mixtures

Answer 38

filtration, distillation, evaporation

Question 39

Distinguish between law and theory

Answer 39

laws describe what will happen in a given situation as demonstrable by a mathematical equation, whereas theories describe how the phenomenon happens.

Question 40

SI units for mass, time, volume, and density

Answer 40

Mass: kilogram (kg).

Time: second (s).

Volume:
(m³), (cm³), or milliliter (mL)

Density: kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³).