Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
chemistry
the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo
scientific method
the process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry
theory
a set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some part of nature
natural law
a statement that expresses generally observed behavior
law
summary of observed behavior
theory
explanation of behavior
measurement
a quantitative observation
scientific notation
expresses a number as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and the appropriate power of 10
units
what scale or standard is being used to represent the results of the measurement
English system
used in United States
metric
used in most of the rest of the world
International System (SI)
based on the metric systems and units are derived from the metric system. (kg, m, s, K)
volume
three-dimensional space occupied by a substance
mass
the quantity of matter present in an object
significant figures
the numbers recorded in a measurement (all the certain numbers plus the first uncertain number)
conversion factor
ratio of the two parts of the statement that relates the two units
equivalence statement
a statement that relates different units of measurement
dimensional analysis
changing from one unit to another via conversion factors
Fahrenheit scale
Water boils at 212, freezes at 32
Celcius scale
Water boils at 100, freezes at 0
absolute/Kelvin scale
water boils at 373.15, freezes at 272.15
density
the amount of matter present in a given volume of the substance
specific gravity
the ratio of the density of a given liquid to the density of water at 4 degrees C.
