chapter 1-3

Question 1

Counter transference

Answer 1

The process of therapists seeing in their clients patterns of their own behavior, overidentifying with cliens, or meeting their own needs through their clients

Question 2

Informed Consent

Answer 2

educates client on their rights and responsibilities;

Can include: goals; counselor/client responsibilities; therapy process; legal, ethical and confidentiality terms; services, fees, counselor qualifications; etc…

Question 3

Dual Relationships

Answer 3

Counselor assumes 2+ roles with a client simultaneously or subsequently.

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

The values and behaviors shared by a group of individuals

Question 5

Professional Burnout

Answer 5

A condition that occurs when helpers feel drained and depleted as a result of their work.

Question 6

Informed Consent

Answer 6

The right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it.

Question 7

Confidentiality

Answer 7

This is an ethical concept, and is most states therapists also have a legal duty not to disclose information about a client

Question 8

Nonprofessional interactions

Answer 8

Additional relationships with clients other than sexual ones

Question 9

True or False
If a counselors hide behind the safety of their profession role, their clients will likely keep themselves hidden in therapy.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False
Empirical research strongly and consistently supports the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Clients place more value on the specific techniques used rather than on the personality of the therapist.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or False: Meta-analyses of studies on therapeutic effectiveness have shown that techniques have relatively little effect on therapeutic outcome.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: As a therapist, it is your function to persuade clients to accept or adopt your value system since it has been perfected through years of training.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or False: It is impossible for human beings to maintain a sense of objectivity; thus, therapists who attempt to maintain objectivity are fooling themselves.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

True or False: If clients express a desire for you to give them answers, you should do so.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

True or False: It is a professional obligation, not an ethical obligation, for counselors to develop sensitivity to their clients’ cultural differences.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True or False: Most beginning counselors have ambivalent feelings when meeting their first clients.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False: Judging the appropriate amount of self-disclosure is only a problem for new counselors.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Counselors who leave their reactions and selves out of their clinical work:

a. have mastered setting good boundaries in therapy;
b. are definitely practicing in an unethical manner and might be violating laws depending on the state in which they are practicing;
c. are likely to be ineffective counselors and merely technical experts;
d. are most likely psychodynamic practitioners who are creating the analytic framework.

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Which of the following statements about effective counselors is not true?

a. Effective counselors feel adequate with others and allow others to feel powerful with them.
b. Effective counselors are certain that their knowledge about human nature is correct and they feel obligated to steer their clients away from making poor decisions.
c. Effective counselors are committed to living fully rather than settling for mere existence.
d. Effective counselors have the courage to leave the security of the known if they are not satisfied with the way they are.

Answer 20

B

Question 21

_______ refer to aspects such as the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra-therapeutic factors.

a. Subjective factors
b. Phenomenological factors
c. Technical factors
d. Contextual factors

Answer 21

D

Question 22

There is considerable evidence indicating that the ________ of the psychotherapist is inextricably intertwined with the outcome of psychotherapy.

a. person
b. socioeconomic status
c. general attractiveness
d. decor of the office
e. genetic makeup

Answer 22

A

Question 23

Linda, a licensed therapist with strong negative opinions about homosexuality and gay marriage, believes that her clients Joe and Robert should dissolve their relationship and give heterosexuality a chance. Linda is

a. being true to her own values; thus, her advice to Joe and Robert is ethical.
b. not maintaining an objective stance and seems to be encapsulated by her worldview.
c. behaving in an illegal manner.
d. qualified to assess whether or not Joe and Robert should remain a couple because she is licensed

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Yi-Lung, a recent immigrant from Taiwan, has been encouraged by his American girlfriend to join her in couples counseling. During the first session, Yi-Lung seems reluctant to self-disclose and admits that he does not believe counseling is the best way for them to address their problems. The counselor should

a. take Yi-Lung’s degree of acculturation into account when working with him and his girlfriend.
b. try to understand how Yi-Lung perceives the value of formal helping.
c. all of these.
d. realize that Yi-Lung may have different expectations about the helping process based on his cultural background.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Which of the following statements about therapeutic goals is true?

a. A client who lacks therapeutic goals does not belong in therapy.
b. Clients initially tend to have a clear sense of what they expect from therapy.
c. Setting goals is inextricably related to values.
d. The exploration of what a client wants from therapy should rarely be discussed during the first few sessions because it can feel overwhelming to them.

Answer 25

C

Question 26

A counselor trainee makes the comment in class “I would never work with a counselor who has been a client in counseling! If they can’t handle their own problems, how could they possibly be effective in helping others?” What would be an appropriate response on the part of the instructor?

a. “Well, I have been in counseling. Are you suggesting that I am ineffective?”
b. “You’re right! Counselors who need counseling are probably unstable and should not interact with clients.”
c. “I can’t believe we admitted you into this training program. You should be ashamed of yourself for saying that.”
d. “Our own work as a client can teach us valuable lessons about how to creatively facilitate deeper levels of self-exploration in clients. And it tends to increase our appreciation for the courage our clients display in their therapeutic journey.

Answer 26

D

Question 27

Yolanda, a therapist specializing in working with adolescents, told a young pregnant client to strongly consider giving her child up for adoption. In Yolanda’s words: “Certainly you don’t want to eliminate the possibility of going to college and ruining your future by having a child at such a young age, right?” Yolanda is

a. exerting influence and imposing her values on the client.
b. surely projecting her own life story on to the client.
c. doing the client a favor by being direct and offering her guidance.
d. merely exposing her own values, and thus, is behaving ethically.

Answer 27

A

Question 28

Understanding the sociopolitical system of which clients are a part is

a. not important for therapists working in private practice.
b. something that only social workers do.
c. a requirement only for those who want to specialize in social justice issues.
d. necessary in order to become multiculturally competent.

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Counselors ________ must examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions about the counseling process and also about persons from diverse groups.

a. from oppressed cultural groups
b. residing in affluent areas
c. from all cultural groups
d. who received their training from non-accredited programs

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which of the following is not a guideline for increasing your effectiveness with clients from diverse backgrounds?

a. Examine where you obtained your knowledge about culture.
b. Learn to pay attention to the common ground that exists among people of diverse backgrounds.
c. Learn more about how your own cultural background has influenced your thinking and behaving.
d. Use a one-size-fits-all approach in your clinical work.

Answer 30

D

Question 31

In determining the appropriateness of self-disclosure, consider

a. all of these.
b. how much to reveal.
c. when to reveal.
d. what to reveal.

Answer 31

A

Question 32

Tom plans to work with clients who are mandated by the courts to receive counseling. Considering they will be involuntary clients, Tom should

a. not be too concerned about the informed consent process, since confidentiality will not be an issue.
b. plan to counter their resistance with promises of dramatic change in order to instill hope in them.
c. not expect change to occur.
d. make sure that he prepares them well for the process.

Answer 32

D

Question 33

Students willing to risk making mistakes in supervised learning situations and willing to reveal their self-doubts

a. will be perceived poorly by their clinical supervisor.
b. will be stifled in the long run; thus, they should modify their approach to learning.
c. are probably too impulsive and should develop better boundaries.
d. will find a direction that leads to growth.

Answer 33

D

Question 34

Dr. Hernandez has been invited to the wedding of her client Cynthia. If she accepts the invitation,

a. Dr. Hernandez will be engaging in a boundary crossing.
b. Dr. Hernandez will be acting unethically.
c. Dr. Hernandez will be breaking the law and could spend some time in jail.
d. Dr. Hernandez will be committing a boundary violation.

Answer 34

A

Question 35

Except for ________ , which is unequivocally unethical, there is not much consensus regarding the appropriate way to deal with multiple relationships.

a. all of these
b. bartering with clients (e.g., goods for services)
c. socializing with clients
d. sexual intimacy with current clients
e. sexual attraction to clients

Answer 35

D

Question 36

The ACA Code of Ethics stresses that counseling professionals must learn how to

a. eliminate multiple roles altogether in order to keep boundaries from becoming blurred.
b. file ethics complaints when they witness a colleague engaging in various professional roles.
c. manage multiple roles and responsibilities in an ethical way.
d. sensitively confront colleagues who are juggling multiple roles

Answer 36

C

Question 37

Which of the following accounts for more of the treatment outcome?

a. client factors
b. the duration of treatment
c. the therapist’s theoretical orientation
d. the therapeutic method employed

Answer 37

A

Question 38

Which of the following is not one of the three pillars of EBP?

a. relying on clinical expertise
b. taking into consideration the client’s characteristics, culture, and preferences.
c. relying on the best available legal advice
d. looking for the best available research

Answer 38

C

Question 39

In many mental health settings, clinicians are pressured to use interventions that

a. focus on early childhood experiences.
b. are brief and standardized.
c. are research-supported even if they are lengthy.
d. tap into unconscious dynamics.

Answer 39

B

Question 40

When the author uses the term multiple relationships, he is referring to

a. the pattern that some clients have of cheating on their significant others and juggling several relationships at once.
b. the large caseloads of therapists.
c. dual relationships and nonprofessional relationships.
d. serial monogamy.

Answer 40

C

Question 41

Paula recently discovered that two of her clients that she sees individually had a stormy relationship in the past. She is wondering whether she can remain objective in working with them. Paula should

a. look at the relevant ethics codes for general guidance on the matter.
b. brainstorm various possible courses of action.
c. all of these.
d. discuss options with other professionals to get their perspectives.

Answer 41

C

Question 42

Ethics codes

a. are becoming so specific that they have nearly eliminated the need for practitioners to use critical thinking skills and clinical judgment when faced with ethical issues.
b. are so general that they are of little, if any, use to clinicians.
c. are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgments possible.
d. are intended to provide ready-made answers for the ethical dilemmas that practitioners will encounter.

Answer 42

C

Question 43

David is a counselor trainee who is working in a mental health center under the supervision of Dr. Garcia. In order to behave in an ethical manner, David should

a. ask Dr. Garcia to sit in on every session he conducts to ensure that he is developing competence.
b. refuse to work with actual clients until he is a highly competent therapist.
c. his clients at the outset of counseling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high quality care.
d. not reveal to his clients that he is a trainee under supervision so as to prevent them from questioning his competence, which could undermine the therapeutic process.

Answer 43

C

Question 44

Generally speaking, the concept of privileged communication does NOT apply to

a. child and adolescent therapy.
b. group counseling.
c. couples counseling and family therapy.
d. all of these.

Answer 44

D

Question 45

Kendra is a biracial client who presents as being reserved and passive and who makes minimal eye contact. Her therapist should

a. view Kendra’s behavior as resistance to the therapeutic process.
b. diagnose Kendra as being depressed.
c. consider that Kendra’s behavior and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns.
d. confront Kendra immediately to ensure that future sessions are more productive.

Answer 45

C

Question 46

What does the acronym DSM stand for?

a. Diagnostic and Statistical Measurement Reference Guide
b. Developmental and Statistical Measurement of Mental Disorders
c. Deviance and Sociopathy Manual
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Answer 46

D

Question 47

What is the primary rationale of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the client as the initial step in the therapeutic process?

a. Insurance companies require clinicians to submit a comprehensive assessment of the client in order to fully reimburse them for services.
b. Specific counseling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a client’s past and present functioning is understood.
c. Conducting a comprehensive assessment of the client offers inexperienced therapists a concrete framework from which to practice. Seasoned clinicians rarely use this approach since they can quickly assess the client’s problem.
d. Those who conduct comprehensive assessments of their clients are protected from being sued for malpractice.

Answer 47

B

Question 48

goals of multicultural counseling

Answer 48

• become aware of own values, biases and assumptions
• increase knowledge of cultural values, biasis and assumptions of diverse groups
• develop culturally appropreate intervention stratigies for assisting diverse clients

Question 49

When is appropriate to break confidentiality and who is responsible for doing so?

Answer 49

counseling minor or legally incompetent person
court ordered disclosure
legal protection for counselors in dispute
claiming emotional damage
civil commitment proceedings

Question 50

What character traits help make a counselor effective?

Answer 50

Identity, Self-respect and appreciation, open to change, life oriented choices, authentic, sincere, honest, sense of humor, make mistakes, live in the present, influence of culture, sincere interest in the welfare of others, interpersonal skills, involved in work and derive meaning from it, passionate, maintain healthy boundaries.