10/11 Flashcards
Mention three key people and their contributions to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Albert Ellis – founder of REBT Aaron Beck – Founder of Cognitive therapy. Donald Meichenbaum – Cognitive behavior therapy
What is Albert Ellis’s emphasis in therapy? What techniques would he use?
Describe how a warm and personal client/therapist relationship has relevance?
The client needs to feel unconditional positive regard from the therapist. Therapist does not blame or condemn clients; rather, he or she teaches them how to avoid rating and condemning themselves.No warm relationship is required.
What are cognitive distortions? List at least three cognitive distortions and give an example of how a client may present this in therapy.
Beck maintains that systematic errors in reasoning lead to faulty assumptions and misconceptions, which he terms “cognitive distortions.” Examples include arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification and minimizations, labeling and mislabeling, dichotomous thinking, and personalization.
What is the purpose of Cognitive Behavior Modification? Who is the founder? Give an example of a client who would benefit from this form of therapy.
Meichenbaum’s cognitive behavioral modification process consists of helping clients interrupt the downward spiral of thinking, feeling, and behaving, and teaching them more adaptive ways of coping using the resources they bring to therapy.
What is the process to uncover faulty thinking in the client? For what purpose is this technique utilized in cognitive behavior therapy?
Who is Glasser? What are the major contributions and beliefs of this person?
Reality therapy was developed by William Glasser in the 1950s and 1960s. Choice theory is concerned with the phenomenological world of the client and stresses the subjective way in which clients perceive and react to their world from an internal locus of evaluation.
Cognitive behavior modification (CBM)
A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing the client’s self-verbalizations.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
A treatment approach that aims at changing cognitions that are leading to psychological problems.
Cognitive distortions
In cognitive therapy, the client’s misconceptions and faulty assumptions. Examples include arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification and minimizations, labeling and mislabeling, dichotomous thinking, and personalization
Cognitive restructuring
A process of actively altering maladaptive thought patterns and replacing them with constructive and adaptive thoughts and beliefs.
Cognitive structure
The organizing aspect of thinking, which monitors and directs the choice of thoughts; implies an “executive processor,” one that determines when to continue, interrupt, or change thinking patterns.
Cognitive therapy
An approach and set of procedures that attempts to change feelings and behavior by modifying faulty thinking and believing.
Cognitive Triad
A pattern that triggers depression.
Collaborative empiricism
A strategy of viewing the client as a scientist who is able to make objective interpretations. The process in which therapist and client work together to phrase the client’s faulty beliefs as hypotheses and design homework so that the client can test these hypotheses.
Constructivist approach
A recent development in cognitive therapy that emphasizes the subjective framework and interpretations of the
client rather than looking to the objective bases
of faulty beliefs.
Constructivist narrative perspective
An approach that focuses on the stories that people tell
about them themselves and others regarding significant events in their lives.
Coping skills
A behavioral procedure for helping clients deal effectively with stressful situations by learning to modify their thinking patterns.
Dichotomous thinking
A cognitive error that
involves categorizing experiences in either-or
extremes.
Distortion of reality
Erroneous thinking that disrupts one’s life; can be contradicted by the client’s objective appraisal of the situation.
Homework
Carefully designed and agreed
upon assignments aimed at getting clients to
carry out positive actions that induce emotional
and attitudinal change. These assignments are
checked in later sessions, and clients learn effective ways to dispute self-defeating thinking.
Internal dialogue
The sentences that people
tell themselves and the debate that often goes on
“inside their head”; a form of self-talk, or inner
speech.
Irrational belief
An unreasonable conviction
that leads to emotional and behavioral problems.
Musturbation
A term coined by Ellis to refer
to behavior that is absolutist and rigid. We tell
ourselves that we must, should, or ought to do or
be something.
Overgeneralization
A process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident
and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar
events or settings.
Personalization
A tendency for people to relate external events to themselves, even when
there is no basis for making this connection.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
A theory that is based on the assumption that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact significantly
and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship.
Rational emotive imagery
A form of intense mental practice for learning new emotional and physical habits. Clients imagine themselves thinking, feeling, and behaving in exactly the
way they would like to in everyday situations.
Rationality
The quality of thinking, feeling,
and acting in ways that will help us attain our
goals.
T F 1. REBT makes use of both cognitive
and behavioral techniques, but it
does not use emotive techniques.
F
T F 2. REBT stresses the importance of
the therapist demonstrating unconditional positive regard for the
client.
T
T F 3. Cognitive therapy for depression
was developed by Meichenbaum.
F
T F 4. A major contribution made by Ellis,
the Becks, and Meichenbaum is
the demystification of the therapy
process.
T
T F 5. Ellis shares Rogers’s view of the client–therapist relationship as a condition for change to occur within
clients.
F
T F 6. Beck developed a procedure known
as stress-inoculation training.
F
T F 7. To feel worthwhile, human beings
need love and acceptance from significant others.
F
T F 8. Ellis maintains that events themselves do not cause emotional
disturbances; rather, it is our evaluation of and beliefs about these
events that cause our problems.
T
T F 9. A difference between Beck’s cognitive therapy and Ellis’s REBT is
that Beck places more emphasis on
helping clients discover their misconceptions for themselves than
does Ellis.
T
T F 10. According to Beck, people become
disturbed when they label and evaluate themselves by a set of rules
that are unrealistic.
T
each question within the framework of cognitive behavior therapy. 11. Which of the following is not a part of stress inoculation training? a. Socratic discovery-oriented inquiry b. relaxation training c. behavioral rehearsals d. self-reinforcement e. exception questions
E
REBT is based on the philosophical
assumption that human beings are
a. innately striving for selfactualization.
b. determined by strong unconscious
sexual and aggressive forces.
c. potentially able to think rationally but have a tendency toward
irrational thinking.
d. trying to develop a lifestyle to
overcome feelings of basic
inferiority.
e. determined strictly by environmental conditioning.
c
- REBT stresses that human beings
a. think, emote, and behave simultaneously.
b. think without emoting.
c. emote without thinking.
d. behave without emoting or
thinking.
A
- REBT views neurosis as the result of
a. inadequate mothering during
infancy.
b. failure to fulfill our existential
needs.
c. excessive feelings.
d. irrational thinking and behaving.
d
- In cognitive behavioral group therapy
a. there is some research that
shows that this approach is effective for treating a wide range
of emotional and behavioral
problems.
b. the group leader assumes a
blank screen demeanor so as to
enhance transference feelings of
the members.
c. the assumption is that a therapeutic atmosphere is both necessary
and sufficient for change to occur.
d. the group leader believes that
using techniques interferes with
the group process.
e. the emphasis is on having members identify and express feelings.
a
- REBT contends that people
a. have a need to be loved and
accepted by everyone.
b. need to be accepted by most
people.
c. will become emotionally sick if
they are rejected.
d. do not need to be accepted and
loved.
e. need to be accepted and will become sick if they are rejected
D
