Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
What is Science
Explanation of natural world
2 Types of Scientific Inquiry
- Discovery Science 2. Hypothesis-Based Science
Scientific Method
- Observation 2. Questions 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Test
What is Biology?
Study of Life
What is Life? (9 things it has to have)
Has to: Reproduce, Compose of Cells, Process Energy, Grow & Develop, Evolve, have Order, Respond to Environment, have Homeostasis, and be made of Carbon.
Why is Carbon number six on the Periodic Table of Elements?
Because it has six (6) Protons
What element is life based?
Carbon
What are the 4 MOST common elements found in live matter?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.
What are 5 lesser common elements found in living matter?
Phosphorus, Calcium, Potassium, Chlorine, and Magnesium.
What is an Element?
Substance that can’t be broken down to another substance by chemical reactions.
What is an Atom?
The smallest unit of an Element.
What is the center of an Atom?
Nucleus
What are the three (3) subatomic particles of an Atom?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.
What are the charges of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Protons: Positive Charge Neutrons: Neutral Charge Electrons: Negative Charge
What is an Isotope?
Where the number of Electrons is not equal to the number of Neutrons.
What do Atoms want in outer shell?
8 Electrons
What is a Valence Electron?
The Electrons in the outer most shell of the atom.
How many electrons are in the inner most shell of an Atom?
2
What is an Ionic Bond?
Electron is given away and not shared (donation).
What is a Covalent Bond?
Electron is shared and not given away.
What is a Polar Covalent Bond?
Electrons are being shared unequally because of one atom being more electronegative than the other,
What is a Hydrogen Bond?
Must have two Polar Covalent Bonds. The positively charged Hydrogen is attracted to the negative charge of another molecule (no electrons are shared) Hydrogen bond is only between two molecules.
What is Molecular mimicry?
Shape of one molecule closely resembles the shape of a different molecule.
What are the charactstics of chemcial reactions?
3H2+N2 ⇔ 2NH3
Reactants. means Reversable reaction. Products
3H2+N2 ⇔ 2NH3
Both reactants and products have the same number of atoms.
What are the charastics of Water?
Water has Cohesion, Adhesion, and Surface Tension.
Moderation of Temprature.
It is the solvent of life.
What is Cohesion?
Ability of H2O molecule to form a Hydrogen Bond with its self.
What is Adhesion?
The ability of H2O to be attracted to surfaces.
(has to do with irs polarity)
Why does H2O have surface tension?
Surface tension is due to cohesion of water.
What is Specific Heat?
The energy requried to raise 1g by 1ºC.
What is a Hydrophilic?
Molecules that like H2O (Ionic Molecules)
What are Hydrophoics?
Molecules that do not like H2O
What happens when strong acids are introduced into water?
The strong acid completely dissociates in water.
(all bonds are broken, this is not reversable)
What happens when weak acids are introduced into water?
Weak acids do not completely dissociate in water.
(only some bonds break, reaction is reversable)
When pH increases, what happens to the Hydrogen ion concentration?
The Hydrogen ion concentration decrease.
When the Hydrogen ion concentraion increases, what happens to the pH?
The pH decreases as the Hydrogen ion concentration increases.
What number on the pH scale is neutrol?
7
anything higher than 7 on the pH scale is what?
Basic
Anything lower than 7 on the pH scale is what?
Acidic
What is an acid?
Anything that donates a Hydrogen ion.
What is a Base?
Anything that takes a Hydrogn ion
What is a Buffer?
Weak acids and bases.
