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ultrasound physics notes > chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

unrelated

A

2 subjects not associated w/ each other

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2
Q

related / proportional

A

2 subjects associated w/ each other

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3
Q

directly related / proportional

A

2 subject related, 1 ⬆️, 1 ⬆️

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4
Q

inversely related / proportional

A

2 subjected related 1 ⬆️, 1 ⬇️

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5
Q

reciprocal

A

2 # w/ reciprocal , multiplied tg = 1

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6
Q

what kind of relationship does reciprocal have ?

A

Inversely relationship 1 ⬆️, 1 ⬇️

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7
Q

period & frequency are …

A

Reciprocal

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8
Q

units : time

A

s, ms, microseconds

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9
Q

units : distance

A

meters, mm,km

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10
Q

units : frequency

A

hertz , MHz , KHz

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11
Q

units : velocity

A

m/s

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12
Q

units : area

A

cm2,km2

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13
Q

units : volume

A

cm3 , ft3

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14
Q

Scientific notation w/ positive exponent has a value

A

Greater than 10

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15
Q

Scientific notation w/ negative exponent has a value

A

less than 1

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16
Q

waves

A

disturbance > travels through space / medium transferring energy > 1 location to another

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17
Q

classification : waves
( 2 types)

A
  1. Mechanical ( ultrasound
    2.Electromagnetic
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18
Q

mechanical waves require …
& travel through ….

A

medium
molecules/ particles within medium vibrate / colide w/ each other passing on energy

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19
Q

sound can travel through

A

air
liquid
soilds

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20
Q

Electromagnetic travel through

A

medium / vacuum

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21
Q

vacuum

A

empty space, void : matter

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22
Q

sound pulse created by

A

transducer travels through biologic tissue / media

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23
Q

compressed

A

squeezed tg

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24
Q

rarefied

A

stretched apart

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25
Q

Mechanical wave classification

A
  1. longitudinal
  2. transverse
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26
Q

sound is what kind of wave ?

A

mechanical

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27
Q

what wave is the particle in medium vibrate back and forth from fixed position ?

A

Mechanical

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28
Q

what wave is sound beam parallel to particle motion

A

Longitudinal

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29
Q

waves carry …

A

energy

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30
Q

what particle motion is perpendicular o path : beam

A

transverse

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31
Q

pair wave that occurs at the same time / location

A

in phase

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32
Q

in phase meet they create …. waves

A

Constructive interference

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33
Q

pair of wave that occur at different time

A

out - phase

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34
Q

out - phase meet, they create … wave

A

Destructive interference

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35
Q

2 out-phase wave > equal amplitude what can occur

A

complete destructive inference

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36
Q

sound ranges below 20 Hz

A

infrasonic / infrasound

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37
Q

sound ranges b/w 20 Hz - 20 kHz

A

audible

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38
Q

sound range above 20kHz

A

ultrasonic / ultrasound

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39
Q

acoustic variable

A

measurable changes > occurs within medium as wave travel

40
Q

3 acoustic variable

A
  1. pressure
  2. density
  3. distance
41
Q

acoustic variable is used >

A

Distinguish sound wave

42
Q

pressure

A

Concentration : force > an area

43
Q

units : pressure

A

pascals (pa)

44
Q

density

A

Concentration : mass > volume

45
Q

units : density

A

per volume
kg/cm3

46
Q

distance

A

measurements : particle displacement from its original position

47
Q

units : distance

A

cm
ft
inches
miles

48
Q

7 parameters > describes feature : sound wave

A
  1. frequency
  2. period
  3. wavelength
  4. speed
    5.amplitude
  5. power
    7.intensity
49
Q

frequency

A

how often an event occur > particular time frame
OR
how many cycle occurs > 1 sec

50
Q

units : frequency

51
Q

frequency determined by

A

sound source only ( transducer)

52
Q

can frequency be adjustable

A

No ( unless you change your transducer

53
Q

is frequency affect or determined by medium

A

No, if medium changes frequency will remain the same

54
Q

period

A

time it take > 1 full cycle to occur

55
Q

period & frequency relationship

A

reciprocal

56
Q

units : period

57
Q

Symbol for period

58
Q

period & frequency ….. related

A

inversely
F⬆️,P⬇️
F⬇️,P⬆️

59
Q

period determined by

A

sound source only

60
Q

can period be adjusted

61
Q

propagation speed

A

rate at which sound wave through medium

62
Q

symbol for speed

63
Q

speed determined by 2 characteristic

A
  1. stiffness
  2. density
64
Q

speed is determined by

A

only medium through which its traveling

65
Q

speed : sound through soft tissue =

A

1540 / 1.54 mm/us

66
Q

density / stiffness

A

material determine how fast sound can travel through it

67
Q

stiffness

A

ability : object > resist compression

68
Q

density

A

weight : material

69
Q

stiffness & Speed … related

A

Directly
s⬆️,C ⬆️

70
Q

density & speed ….. related

A

inversely
d⬆️,C⬇️

71
Q

what has a greater affect of propagation speed wave

72
Q

another names for stiffness

A

bulk modulus

73
Q

opposite of stiffness

A

elasticity / compressibility

74
Q

3 bigness parameter

A
  1. amplitude
  2. density
  3. distance
75
Q

amplitude

A

difference b/w max value & average / undisturbed value : acoustic variable

76
Q

amplitude determined by

A

sound source

77
Q

can amplitude be adjusted

78
Q

units : amplitude

A

any acoustic variable
1. pressure
2. density
3. distance

79
Q

how is amplitude measured

A

midline (undisturbed) > max value

80
Q

peak - peak amplitude = ……. amplitude

81
Q

power

A

rate : energy transfer

82
Q

unit : power

83
Q

power determined by

A

sound source

84
Q

power relationship to amplitude2

A

Proportional

85
Q

power / amp2 …. related

A

directly
⬆️,⬆️

86
Q

wavelength

A

distance / length : 1 wave

87
Q

units : wavelength

A

distance
mm
cm

length
meter

88
Q

wavelength determined by

A

both source and medium

89
Q

wavelength / period (Time) …. related

A

directly
⬆️⬆️

90
Q

wavelength / frequency …. related

A

inversely
⬆️⬇️

91
Q

period (time) / frequency …. related

A

inversely
⬆️⬇️

92
Q

intensity

A

concentration : energy > sound beam

93
Q

Intensity related to how power >

A

wave spreads or disturbance

94
Q

intensity determined by

A

sound source

95
Q

intensity / power … relationship

A

Proportional

96
Q

power / amplitude …. Relationship

A

Proportional

97
Q

intensity / amplitude ……relationship

A

Proportional

ultrasound physics notes (8 decks)

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