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LEA 2 > Chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another.

A

Comparative

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2
Q

–In a social sciences context, it refers to a specific methodology of analyzing similarities and contrasts amongst selected entities and defined variables.

A

Comparison

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3
Q

A police service is a public force empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimized use of force.

A

Police

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4
Q

refers to the actions taken by a police agency to fulfill a legal mandate of which the end result is maintenance of order and keeping the peace.

A

Policing

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5
Q

A combination of related elements that is functioning as a whole in order to achieve a single goal or objective.

A

System

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6
Q
  • Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover insights in the field of international.
A

Comparative System in Policing

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7
Q

Why should Policing System be compared?

A

Crime has become a global phenomenon.
Transnational crimes cross borders and the need for bilateral and international cooperation become imperative.

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8
Q

How should Policing System be compared?

A

Safari Method- researcher visits another country.
Collaborative Method- researcher communicates with foreign researcher.

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9
Q

Theories of Police Service

A

Continental Theory
Home Rule Theory

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10
Q

Policemen are considered servants of the higher authority and people have little or no share of all their duties, nor any direct connection with them.

A

Continental Theory

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11
Q

Policemen are considered servants of the community who depend for the effectiveness of their functions upon the express wishes of the people.

A

Home Rule Theory

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12
Q

General Concept of Police Service

A

Old Concept
New Concept

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13
Q

Punishment is the role instrument of crime control-throwing more people to jail rather than keeping them out of jail.

A

Old Concept

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14
Q

The yardstick of efficiency of the police is the absence of crime. Its objective is the welfare of the people and the society.

A

New Concept

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15
Q

Traditional Policing Activities

A

1.Enforcing laws
2.Preserving the Peace
3.Preventing Crime
4.Protecting Rights and Liberties
5.Providing Other Services

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16
Q

has been a prime goal of policing activities. However, this goal has become increasingly complex.
- Police must not only decide what laws to enforce, but they also must serve as an integral part of the criminal justice system, responsible for apprehending offenders and assisting in their prosecution.

A

Enforcing law

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17
Q

The police are often called to intervene in non-criminal conduct such as those that which occurs at public events, in social relations, and in traffic control to maintain law and order. They often help people solve problems that the latter cannot cope alone.

A

Preserving the peace

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18
Q

Crime prevention is closely related to law enforcement and peace preservation.
- Crime prevention differs from peacekeeping and law enforcing in that it attempts to eliminate potentially dangerous situation.
- It is proactive.
- It is often undertaken by the police agency in working with juveniles,cooperating with probation and parole administrationand educating the public.

A

Preventing crime

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19
Q
  • They are also expected to do so as specified by the Bill of Rights.
  • The goals and methods of the police must promote individual liberty, public safety, and social justice. Some as the single most important goal of policing activities perceives protecting rights and liberties of the people.
A

Protecting rights and liberties

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20
Q
  • Many new demands are made including giving information, intervening in domestic disputes, rendering emergency or recue services, controlling traffic and crowds, etc.
  • In addition, many police agencies provide community education programs regarding crimes, drugs supply and demand reduction, public safety, and the like.
A

Providing Other Services

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21
Q

Contemporary Goals of Policing Activities

A

1.Partnership with the Community
2.Problem-Solving Approach to Crime

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22
Q

Police officers and their agencies may team-up with citizens, businesses, private policing enterprises, and the other law enforcement agencies to achieve the objectives of policing activities.

A

1.Partnership with the Community

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23
Q

focuses on determining the underlying causes of problems, including crime, and identifying solutions to problems identified. It is defined as organizational-wide strategy aimed at solving persistent community problems, and incidents”. Many law enforcement agencies have now combined problem-solving approach to crime and policing activities to address a broad range of crime problems and the quality-of-life issues associated with them.

A

2.Problem-Solving Approach to Crime

24
Q

Primary Functions of the Police Service

A

1.Administrative Service
2.Field Service

25
Q

those functions that occur “behind the scenes”, away from the front line of police officers in the field. These services include clerical and technical support to manage the information needed and generated by those in field services. The two areas that most directly affect the efficient provision of filed services are communications and records.

A

Administrative Service

26
Q

are performed by one functional office, sometimes by a separate office and may be further specialized by the type of individual crime involves. This includes the following:

A

Field Service

27
Q

usually sixty to seventy percent of the police agencies’ police officers are assigned to it providing continuous police service and visibility. Tasks include calls for service, self-initiated activity, and administrative functions.

A

Patrol

28
Q

well-rounded traffic program involves many activities designed to maintain order and safety in streets and highways. Traffic officers enforce traffic laws, direct and control traffic, and provide emergency assistance.

A

Traffic

29
Q

has the responsibility to follow-up investigation. The success of any criminal investigation relies on the cooperative and coordinated efforts of both the patrol and investigative functions.

A

Investigation

30
Q

essence, every action of police officer affects community relations either positively or negatively. Many larger police agencies have separate community relations’ service to strengthen the communication channels and cooperation between the public and police agencies.

A

Community Service

31
Q

in addition to the basic functions within the police agencies, larger agencies frequently train officers to perform highly specialized tasks that may include evidence technician, intelligence operatives, K-9 handlers, SWAT team members, bomb squad, etc.

A

Specialized officers

32
Q

Types of Police Officers (US)

A
  1. Uniformed officers
  2. Detectives
  3. State police and highway patrol officers
  4. Fish and game wardens
  5. Transit and railroad officers
  6. Sheriffs
  7. Special jurisdiction police
33
Q

maintain regular patrols and respond to emergency calls, involved in investigating criminal activity, directing traffic and generally helping citizens in need

A

Uniformed officers

34
Q

active at crime scenes and spend their time investigating crimes

A

Detectives

35
Q

often busy patrolling highways… sometimes referred to as state trooper

A

State police and highway patrol officers

36
Q

tasked with enforcing the rules and regulations designed to protect wildlife

A

Fish and game wardens

37
Q

responsible for patrolling public transportation areas like subways and trains or railways

A

Transit and railroad officers

38
Q

duties are of a COP

A

Sheriffs

39
Q

airport police are an example.

A

Special jurisdiction police

40
Q

Introduced theAct for Improving the Police in and near the Metropolis (Metropolitan Police Act)passed by the parliament of England-the milestone of England’s police force.
Sir Robert Peel became famous and was considered as theFather of Modern Policing System.
The Metropolitan Police was organized around “beat system”, in which officers were assigned to relatively small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with them and the people residing there, thereby making the officer a part of neighborhood.

A

Sir Robert “Bobbies” Peel

41
Q

Argued that police officers could better protect the public and their property through the use of science and technology, and the education and professionalization of policing.
A tireless advocate who believed that officers should function as social workers and do more than arrest offenders.
Vollmer was a highly progressive police chief who made the city of Berkeley the center of his innovations. He became Berkeley’s first police chief in the early 1900s and began advancing policing in its use of technology, training and, most importantly, education.

A

August “gus” Vollmer. Father of American police

42
Q

generally defined asa law enforcement philosophythat allows officers to continuously operate in the same area in order to create a stronger bond with the citizens living and working in that area.

This allows public safety officers to engage with local residentsand prevent crime from happening instead of responding to incidents after they occur.

A

Community Policing

43
Q

How is community policing different from traditional policing?

A
  1. Intended to prevent crime before it happens rather than responding to crime after it occurs
  2. Focuses on creating a safe social environment
  3. Engages residents to determine which criminal activities they are most affected by, creating an accurate law enforcement priority list shapedby the people who live in the area
  4. Encourages residents to participate with law enforcement in order to keep their own community safe

In its simplest form,community policing creates a partnership between law enforcement and residents.

The more involved law enforcementis with the residents they aresworn to protect, the more residents can help law enforcement achieve their goals.

44
Q

What are the benefits of an effective community policing structure?

A
  1. Residents having a more favorable view of their local police department
  2. Improved trust between law enforcement and residents
  3. More accurate information from residents regarding criminal activity in their community
  4. Better understanding of the needs of citizens and their expectations of the police
45
Q

Types of Societies

A

1.Folk–communal
2. Urban–commercial
3.Urban–industrial
4. Bureaucratic

46
Q

As little codification of law, little specialization among police, and a system of punishment that just lets things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to.

A

Folk- communal

47
Q

Presence of civil law (some standards and customs are written down),
Specialized police forces (some for religious offenses, others for enforcing the King’s law),
Punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient, but mostly harsh.

A

Urban-commercial

48
Q

Presence of codified law (statutes that proscribe as well as prescribe) with an attempt to create more law in a direction that prescribes good behavior;
Police became specialized in how to handle property crimes,
The system of punishment attempts to run on market principles of creating incentives and disincentives.

A

Urban-industrial

49
Q

A coherent system of laws (along with armies of lawyers),
Police who tend to keep busy handling rare events, terrorism, and newly emerging forms of crime;
A system of punishment often characterized by moral panics, over criminalization and overcrowding.

A

Bureaucratic

50
Q

Two (2) Methods of Comparative Research

A

Safari Method

Collaborative Method

51
Q

s a method of research wherein the researcher visits another country, reviews relevant literatures and statistics, talks to key persons and goes home and writes a comparative study between his or her own country and the country visited

A

Safari Method

52
Q

is a method of research wherein the researcher communicates with a foreign researcher (at least 1) most satisfactory in overcoming language barriers and possible misunderstanding

A

Collaborative

53
Q

It is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. It refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world. It involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure.

A

Globalization

54
Q

Effects of Globalization to Law Enforcement

A

The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily achieved.
There is a need for transnational policing. The cooperation among police organizations in the world is vital.
Training instructions for incoming law enforcement officers must include advance computer to prepare them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to deal with cyber crimes.
Development of new strategies to deal with international organized crimes is a must.
Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations related to modernization theories of crime.

55
Q

Some Threats brought about by Globalization are:

A
  • Increasing volume of human rights violations evident by genocide or mass killing;
    -The under privilege gain unfair access to global mechanism on law enforcement and security;
    -Conflict between nations; and
    -Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism, etc.

LEA 2 (3 decks)

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