CHAPTER 1-3 Flashcards
• Communities of microorganisms that inhabit the body
Microbiota
• Extracellular fluid / Internal environment / milieu intérieur (great 19th-century French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813–1878).)
o Mixed by blood and tse by DIFFUSION thru capillary walls.
o American Physiologist
o Coined the HOMEOSTASIS in 1929.
WALTER CANNON
o Responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a cell
o Proline
o Serine
o glutamic acid
o is a large, immature, single strand of RNA
o Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)
Introns
• Removed thru splicing
Exons
• retained in the final mRNA.
directs the splicing of pre-mRNA to form mRNA in the nucleus.
o Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
transports amino acids with attached ADENYLIC ACID to the ribosomes
cloverleaf appearance
tRNA
o The physical structure.
o Act as manufacturing plant
o Collects nucleolus
o Ribosomal RNA (60%)
o double-stranded RNA
o silence gene that can cause disease.
small interfering / silencing / short interfering RNA (siRNA) “20-25”
o Binding site for promoter (transcription factor IIB)
• TATA box (TATAAA) / transcription factor IID complex
- a breakdown product of ATP
* activates phosphorylase (glycogen-splitting enzyme)
cAMP
causes bonding of successive DNA nucleotides to one another.
Joins Okazaki fragment
o DNA ligase
Replicates DNA in a 5’ to 3’ direction
o DNA polymerase
Uncoil / unzipped DNA
DNA HELICASE
o Replication fork formation
Y shape
• Leading strand
o 3’ to 5’ direction
o toward
• Lagging strand
o 5’ to 3’ direction
o Away
