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Biology 1 Honors > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

second step of the scientific method

A

Research the topic

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1
Q

First step of the scientific method

A

To ask a question

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2
Q

Third step of the scientific method

A

Create a hypothisis

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3
Q

Fourth step of the scientific method

A

Experiment your hypothesis

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4
Q

Fifth step of the scientific method

A

Analysis the data

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5
Q

Sixth step of the scientific method

A

Create a conclusion and check your data to see if your hypothesis was correct

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6
Q

Independent vs. dependent

A

The independent variable is the variable that changes and the dependent is the variable that changes based on the independent variable.

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7
Q

Controlled experiment

A

Has has only a single independent variable

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8
Q

What are the four major themes in biology?

A

1- properties emerge at each level of organization
2- living organisms interact with their environment
3- cells are the structural building blocks of life
4- evolution and unity of life

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9
Q

Eyepiece

A

The lens at the top of the body tube that the viewer looks through.
-10x magnification

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10
Q

Body tube

A

Connects the eye piece to the objective

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11
Q

Arm

A

Supports the tube and connects it tho the base

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12
Q

Revolving nose piece

A

Holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated easily to change the power

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13
Q

High power objective

A

Longest objective, used for observing fine detail.

-40x magnification

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14
Q

Low power objective

A

The next shortest after scanning objective

-10x magnification

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15
Q

Scanning objective

A

Shortest objective used for getting an overview of a slide.

-4x magnification

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16
Q

Coarse adjustment

A

brings the specimen into general focus

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17
Q

Fine adjustment

A

Fine tunes the focus and increases the detail of a specimen

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18
Q

Mechanical stage and stage

A

A flat platform where you can place your slides. Moves back and forth and up and down.

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19
Q

Stage clip

A

Holds the slides in place

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20
Q

Diaphragm

A

Controls the light going through

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21
Q

Light

A

Used to illuminate the specimen

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22
Q

Base

A

Used for support

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23
Q

Stage opening

A

Allows light to pass though the specimen

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24
Q

Formula for field of view

A

Low magnification High field of view
———————- = ——————
High magnification Low field of view

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25
Q

Um vs. mm

A

1000 um = 1 mm

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26
Q

Control vs experimental variables

A

Control- Stay the same

Experimental- changes throughout the experiment

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27
Q

Quantitative vs qualitative

A

Quantitative- numbers

Qualitative- observations that don’t have #s

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28
Q

Levels of organization

A

Molecule-organelle-cells-tissues-organs-systems-organisms-populations-communities-ecosystems-biome-biosphere

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29
Q

Theory vs law

A

Theory- can be changed, in contrast to law

Law- absolute, scientifically proven

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30
Q

Biology

A

the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.

31
Q

Homeostasis

A

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal conditions.

32
Q

Ecology

A

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and their physical surroundings.

33
Q

Heterotrophs

A

an organism that cannot make its own food and is dependent on complex substance for nutritions.

34
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

35
Q

SI units

A

(International System of Units)– a system of physical units (SI Units) based on meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication or division of the power of ten.

36
Q

Differentiation

A

the act or process of differentiating (to make something or someone different in some way)

37
Q

Genes

A

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

38
Q

Chromosomes

A

a trend like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cell, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

39
Q

DNA

A

a self replicating material present in nearly all living organisms the main constituent of chromosomes, it is the carrier of genetic information.

40
Q

Hypothesis

A

a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further explanation.

41
Q

Predictions

A

rigorous, often quantitative, forecasting what will happen under specific conditions.

42
Q

Experiment

A

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

43
Q

Scientific sampling

A

a group of cases elected from a population by a random process.

44
Q

What is important for a hypothesis?

A

If then because statement

45
Q

What is the role of observations in a scientific experiment?

A

The role of observations is to accept or reject a hypothesis, and to provide data for further research.

46
Q

Characteristics of all living things

A

Have organization– regulate themselves to maintain homeostasis – show evolutionary adaptation – process energy through metabolism and intern produce by products – response to stimuli in the environments – develop and grow

47
Q

Molecule

A

Combination of atoms

48
Q

Organelle

A

Specialized structures within a living cell

49
Q

Cells

A

Microscopic organism, building blocks of life

50
Q

Tissues

A

Material in which animals and plants are made of

51
Q

Organs

A

Part of an organism that is self contained and has a specific vital function

52
Q

Systems

A

a regularly interacting or independent group of items forming a unified whole

53
Q

Organisms

A

An individual animal, plant, or single felled life form.

54
Q

Populations

A

groups of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same region at the same time.

55
Q

Communities

A

interacting groups of various species in the same location

56
Q

Ecosystems

A

interacting organisms and their physical environments

57
Q

Biome

A

The environment

58
Q

Biosphere

A

the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere, of the earth occupied by all living things

59
Q

Compound light microscope

A

uses a beam of light and lenses to enlarge an image, the specimen can be living or dead.

60
Q

Stereoscope

A

Uses reflective light, good for larger specimens and dissections

61
Q

Electron microscope

A

uses a beam of electrons to produce a micrograph. The specimens must be dead because the specimen is frozen in plastic and sliced with a microtome.It works transmitting electrons through an object to produce a flat image.

62
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

electrons flow over and bounce off the surface of the object to produce a 3-D image

63
Q

What is an emergent property?

A

A property that complex systems have

Part of #1 properties emerge at each level of organization

65
Q

Producers

A

Autotrophs
Provides food for a typical ecosystem
(Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)

66
Q

Consumers

A

Heterotrophs
Eats plants and other animals
(Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)

67
Q

How does energy move in an ecosystem?

A

Light energy is transformed into chemical energy and eventually into heat energy
(Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)

68
Q

What is systems biology?

A

The goal is to construct models to mimic whole biological systems.
(Is in #3 cells are the structural and functional units of life)

69
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Unicellular

Is in #3 cells are the structural and functional units of life

70
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Multicellular

Is in #3 cells are the structural and functional units of life

71
Q

What is evolution?

A

Species living today are descendants of ancestral species

Is in #4 evolution and unity of life

72
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A mechanism for evolution

Is in #4 evolution and unity of life

73
Q

What’s the theory of biogenesis say?

A

A observation that living things come only from living things, by reproduction.

74
Q

Sexual vs asexual

A

Sexual- requires 2 of the same species

Asexual- cell division

75
Q

How do nutrients move in an ecosystem?

A

The nutrients are cycled in an ecosystem when one eats another
(Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)

Biology 1 Honors (6 decks)

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