Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protiens, Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the name of the carbohydrate monomer?

Examples(3)?

A

Monosaccharide- one sugar

Ex-glucose, fructose, and galactose

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1
Q

What elements do carbohydrates contain? In what ratio?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

CH2O

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2
Q

What is the dimer of carbohydrates?
Examples(3)?
General form?

A

Disaccharide- 2 sugars
Ex- sucrose, maltose, lactose
General form- C12H22O11

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3
Q

What’s the polymer of carbohydrates?

Examples(animal and plant)?

A

Polysaccharides-many
Animal-glycogen
Plant-cellulose

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4
Q

Main functions of a carbohydrate?

A
  • structure

- energy

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5
Q

What is the test for a Carbohydrate monomer? How do you preform it?

A

Benedict’s test

  • add equal parts of the solution and Benedict’s
  • heat for a few minutes
  • bright colors=sugar present
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6
Q

What’s the test for a carbohydrate polymer? Hoe do you preform it?

A

Iodine test

  • add equal parts o the solution and iodine
  • if turns black/dark purple there is a starch present
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7
Q

What elements are in a lipid?

A

Carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen

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8
Q

What are lipid polymers made of? What are the four?

A

They are made of a long straight hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group attached to one end
Triglyceride, phospholipid, waxes, steroids

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9
Q

What are triglyceride? Examples?

A

Macromolecules (3 fatty on one glycerol)

Ex- oils from plants and animals

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10
Q

What is a Phospholipid?

A

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to a glycerol

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11
Q

What are waxes?

A

Long fatty acid chains joined by a long alcohol chain

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12
Q

What are steroids?

A

Composed of four carbon rings

Considered as lipids because they don’t dissolve in H2O

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13
Q

What are the main function of lipids?

A
  • Cell membrane (lipid bi-layer)
  • long term energy storage
  • prevent desiccation (drying out)
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14
Q

What is the test for lipids? How is it preformed?

A

Brown paper towel test

  • add a few drops of the solution on a BROWN paper towel
  • wait for solution to dry
  • if transparent than a lipid is present
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15
Q

What organic compound is the best for storing energy?

A

Lipids

16
Q

What is the lipid monomer called?

A

Fatty acids

17
Q

-are lipids polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar because they don’t dissolve in water

18
Q

What are the elements in a protein?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

19
Q

What is the monomer of a protein?

A

Amino acids

20
Q

What are amino acids?

A

The monomer of protein, and when amino acids link they share a peptide bond and create a long chain called a protein

21
Q

What is the dimer of a protein?

A

Dipeptide

22
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

Two amino acids bonded together

23
Q

What is the polymer if a protein?

A

Polypeptide

24
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A long chain of amino acids (protein)

25
Q

What are the main function of a protein?

A
  • build body tissues

- form enzymes

26
Q

What is the protein test? How do you preform it?

A

Biuret’s test

  • add equal parts solution and biuret
  • I’d solution turns lavender a protein is present
27
Q

What are the two types of structures of a protein? Examples?

A

Fibrous- ex. Hair, spider webs

Globular- ex. Hemoglobin

28
Q

Ehat elements are present in a nucleic acid?

A

Phosphate, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon

29
Q

What is the monomer for a nucleic acid?

A

Nuclide, made up of a phosphate group and a five carbon sugar and a ring shaped nitrogen base