Chapter 1

Question 1

What is/ are statistics

Answer 1

a collection of methods for planning experiments, getting data then taking that data and organizing , summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting and finally drawing a conclusion based on the data

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

collection of ALL the elements meant to be studied

Question 3

Parameter

Answer 3

describing a characteristic of a Population. ALL people are considered

Question 4

Statistics

Answer 4

a measurement describing characteristics of a Sample. Not everyone is considered.

Question 5

CATEGORIcal

Answer 5

separated into different CATEGORIES ; non numeric. Race, gender, zip codes.

Question 6

QUANTITative

Answer 6

QUANTITY of what is being measured. Has unites Weight( lbs) Height (inches).

Question 7

Census

Answer 7

collection of data from EVERY element in a said population. US census

Question 8

What are the 4 levels of measurement

Answer 8

Nominal and Ordinal ( categorical) Interval and Ratio ( quantitative)

Question 9

Nominal

Answer 9

cannot be put into order, or ranking

Question 10

Interval

Answer 10

no natural starting point, difference are meaningful

weather temperatures

Question 11

Ordinal

Answer 11

Can be put into an order but means nothing

Ex: Grades

Question 12

Ratio

Answer 12

natural starting point, diffferences are meaningful

has a natural 0 starting point

Question 13

What are the four steps in designing an experiment

Answer 13

1. Identify the objective
2. collect sample data
3. use a random procedure to avoid biases
4. Analyze the data to form conclusions

Question 14

what are the four types of methods of data collection

Answer 14

observational study, experiment, simulation, survey

Question 15

observational study

Answer 15

observe and measure characteristics CANNOT MAKE ANY CHANGES TO SUBJECTS

Question 16

Experiment

Answer 16

treatment/ CHANGE is applied to see how it affects subjects

Question 17

Simulation

Answer 17

mathimatical/physical model beacause it is too dangerous to try to recreate

Question 18

Survey

Answer 18

ask questions to collect data

Question 19

what is the placebo effect

Answer 19

faek treatment that looks like a real treatment ( i.e.a sugar pill)

Question 20

what are the two types of blinding

Answer 20

single blind and double blind

Question 21

Single Blind

Answer 21

researcher know who is reciveing treatment and which subject is getting the placebo

Question 22

Double Blind

Answer 22

Neither reasearcher nor subject is aware of who is getting the placebo and who is getting the treatment

Question 23

What is blocking

Answer 23

a group of subjects that are similar ( age, gender, etc…) to test the effectiveness of one OR more treatments

Question 24

What are the five sampling techniques

Answer 24

SRS, Systematic, Stratified, Cluster, Convienience

Question 25

SRS

Answer 25

every person has the same chance of being chosen , subjects are given a random number and selected by a random number generator.

Question 26

Systematic

Answer 26

randomly selected starting point then every Kth subject of the population

Question 27

Stratified

Answer 27

put into at elast two groups that have the SAME CHARACTERISTICS then pick samples ( boys and girls )

Question 28

Cluster

Answer 28

population is divided into clusters . clusters are randomly selected and and ALL members are used form the picked clusters

Question 29

Convience

Answer 29

a sample that is easy or convient for the researcher to choose