Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

The system or code of conduct and morals advocated by a particular individual or group
(Study of acceptable conduct and moral judgement)

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

Branch of ethics dealing with dilemmas faced by medical professionals, patients, and their families and friends.

Answer 2

Biomedical ethics

Question 3

7 principles of biomedical ethics

Answer 3

1 Autonomy
2 Beneficence
3 Confidentiality
4 Justice
5 Nonmaleficence
6 Role fidelity
7 Veracity

Question 4

Specifies a standard of conduct by which all members of a profession must abide; helps ensure a high standard of practice.

Answer 4

Code of ethics

Question 5

Purposeful, self-regulatory judgement resulting in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference (ethical problem-solving tool)

Answer 5

Critical thinking

Question 6

Hippocratic Oath

Answer 6

5th and 6th centuries BC

Question 7

Qualities or standards desirable or worthy of esteem in themselves; they are expressed in behaviors, language, and standards of conduct.

Answer 7

Values

Question 8

3 basic groups of values:

Answer 8

• personal
• cultural
• professional

Question 9

An awareness of the conduct, aims, and qualities defining a given profession

Answer 9

Professionalism

Question 10

Ethical schools of thought (3)

Answer 10

• consequentialism
• deontology
• virtue ethics

Question 11

Bases decisions on the consequence or outcomes of a given act.

Answer 11

Consequentialism (teology)

Question 12

Bases decision making on individual motives and morals rather than consequences, and examines the significance of actions themselves.

Answer 12

Deontology

Question 13

Focuses on use of practical wisdom for emotional and intellectual problem solving (newest school of thought)

Answer 13

Virtue ethics

Question 14

Ethical Models (5)

Answer 14

Engineering
Paternal/priestly
Collegial
Contractual
Covenantal

Question 15

Identifies the healthcare provider as a scientist concerned with facts; defines patient as a condition or procedure, not a person.

Answer 15

Engineering model.

Question 16

Caregiver acts in an omniscient role, making decisions for that patient, not with the patient; caregiver thinks they know what is best for the patient.

Answer 16

Paternal/priestly model

Question 17

Mutual cooperation between the healthcare provider and the patient.

Answer 17

Collegial model

Question 18

Business relationship between caregiver and patient; both sides have rights and responsibilities.

Answer 18

Contractual Model

Question 19

Agreement between caregiver and patient grounded in traditional values.

Answer 19

Covenantal model

Question 20

Among the most important issues involved in biomedical ethics, influence almost every aspect of the caregiver’s ethical considerations

Answer 20

Patient’s rights

Question 21

A body of rule of action and conduct prescribed by controlling authority and bonding legal force

Answer 21

Law

Question 22

All of the laws and statutes put into place by elected officials in federal, state, county, and city governments.

Answer 22

Legislation

Question 23

Includes all laws enacted by federal, stat, county, and city governments

Answer 23

Statutory Law

Question 24

Branches of law - 3 components of the legal system that have an impact on the imaging practice.

Answer 24

Administrative law
Criminal law
Civil law

Question 25

Determines the licensing and regulation of the practice of imaging professionals

Answer 25

Administrative law

Question 26

Addresses wrongs against the state government.

Answer 26

Criminal law

Question 27

Addresses wrongs committed by one party harming another.

Answer 27

Civil law

Question 28

Subdivision of civil law under which actions are filed to recover damages for personal injury or property; damage occurring from negligent conduct or intentional misconduct.

Answer 28

Tort law

Question 29

Phases of a lawsuit (5)

Answer 29

``` Pleading Discovery Trial Decision Post decision appeal process ```

Question 30

Plaintiff files a complaint

Answer 30

Pleading

Question 31

Facts of case are sought

Answer 31

Discovery

Question 32

Facts are presented to judge or jury

Answer 32

Trial

Question 33

Rendered by judge or jury

Answer 33

Decision

Question 34

Decision may be reversed or reviewed

Answer 34

Post decision appeal process

Question 35

System for identifying, analyzing, and evaluation risks and selecting the most advantageous method for treating them.

Answer 35

Risk Management

Question 36

Process to assess quality of patient care that uses hospital committees to oversee the quality of various hospital functions.

Answer 36

Quality Assurance

Question 37

States that a person may perform an act that has evil effects or risk such effects as long as 4 certain conditions are met.

Answer 37

Principle of Double Effect

Question 38

Performance of good acts (do good)

Answer 38

Beneficence

Question 39

Avoidance if evil (do no harm)

Answer 39

Non-maleficence

Question 40

Achieved through passive omission

Answer 40

Non-maleficence

Question 41

Achieved through active omission

Answer 41

Beneficence

Question 42

Primary responsibility of the healthcare provider

Answer 42

Non-maleficence

Question 43

Moral rightness

Answer 43

Justice

Question 44

When a patient enters a hospital and undergoes imaging studies (verbal or written)

Answer 44

Contractual agreements

Question 45

If patient is unable to make their own decision, either the best interest of the patient or the rational choice principle should be used.

Answer 45

Surrogate obligations

Question 46

"Commands that the surrogate choose what the patient would have chosen when competent and having considered all available relevant info and the interest of relevant others."

Answer 46

Rational choice principle

Question 47

Most basic legal parameter of healthcare; the degree of skill or care practiced by a reasonable professional practicing in the same field

Answer 47

Standard of care

Question 48

An unintentional tort involving duty, breach of duty, injury, and causation

Answer 48

Negligence

Question 49

The degree of care a reasonable person, with similar education and experience, would use

Answer 49

Reasonable care

Question 50

A breach of the healthcare provider's duty to follow the applicable standard of care, which results in harm to the patient; medical malpractice

Answer 50

Medical negligence

Question 51

Legal doctrine "the thing speaks for itself" | Legal concept invoked I situations in which a particular injury could not have occurred in the absence of negligence

Answer 51

Res Ipa Loquitur

Question 52

From risk management perspective, the medical record is the most important element in preventing and minimizing adverse consequences of malpractice suits

Answer 52

Documentation | Complete and accurate

Question 53

Patient data sheet

Answer 53

``` Pt. identification History LMP Time of arrival/departure Names of persons performing exam Comment section ```

Question 54

Valuable risk management tool; report occurrences w/pts., visitors, and employees that have resulted or may result on hospital liability

Answer 54

Incident reporting

Question 55

Technical detail issues

Answer 55

Correct image identification Timely distribution of reports Radiation protection Safety