Autonomy And Informed Consent

Question 1

The concept that patients are to be treated as individuals and informed about procedures to facilitate appropriate decisions.

Answer 1

Autonomy

Question 2

Autonomy is the…

Answer 2

…right to self-determination

Question 3

The written asset of a patient to receive a proposed treatment; adequate info is essential.

Answer 3

Informed consent.

Question 4

The individual giving consent must fully understand:

Answer 4

• the nature of the procedure
• risks/complications/side effects
• desired outcome
• possible alternatives

Question 5

A copy of this is given to patients to help them understand the expectations, rights, and responsibilities regarding their health care.

Answer 5

Patient Care Partnership

Question 6

Expectations

Answer 6

• high quality care
• clean and safe environment
• involvement in their care
• protection of privacy
• Preparing patient & family for discharge
• help with their bill and insurance

Question 7

High quality hospital care

Answer 7

Care delivered with skill, compassion, and respect

Question 8

The way info is given depends on the criteria used to inform the patient.
4 possibly conflicting rules that may guide the care provider in explaining info to patients.

Answer 8

Information delivery.

Question 9

4 conflicting rules to information delivery

Answer 9

Patient preference rule
Professional custom rule
Prudent person rule
Subjective substantial disclosure rule

Question 10

Requires health care professionals to tell their patients what they want to know.

Answer 10

Patient preference rule

Question 11

States that the health care professional should give the patient the info normally given to patients in similar situations.

Answer 11

Professional custom rule

Question 12

Measures the healthcare provider’s disclosure to the patient based on the patient’s need for info to make decisions regarding treatment.

Answer 12

Prudent person rule

Question 13

Encourages the physician to disseminate ALL info important to the individual patient.

Answer 13

Subjective substantial disclosure rule

Question 14

Provides info without overburdening the patient

Answer 14

Combination of rules

Question 15

Ensures principle of pt. autonomy
Must respect pt’s choice to refuse treatment
Must inform pt. that they have the right to refuse surgical care

Answer 15

Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991

Question 16

The ability to make choices
Necessary element in informed consent
May be compromised, temporarily or permanently

Answer 16

Competence

Question 17

A person who substitutes for another, often in the decision-making process.

Answer 17

Surrogacy

Question 18

Difficult to prove

Answer 18

Incompetetnce

Question 19

Obstacles to autonomy & informed consent

Answer 19

Family or physician pressure
Coercion
Paternalism
Language and culture
Lack of time
Lack of communication

Question 20

Forcing the patient to act or think in a certain way by applying pressure or threat to control

Answer 20

Coercion

Question 21

A narrowly construed prerogative invoked when health care providers withhold info from patients because they believe the info would have adverse effects on the patients’ condition or health

Answer 21

Therapeutic privilege

Question 22

Emergency situations

3 conditions must present:

Answer 22

1 patient is incapable of giving consent, and no lawful surrogate is available.
2 danger to life or risk of serious impairment to health is apparent
3 immediate treatment is necessary to avert these dangers

Question 23

Predetermined choice made to inform others of the ways in which the patient wishes to be treated while incompetent

Answer 23

Advanced directives

Question 24

A civil wrong for which law provides a remedy

Answer 24

Tort law

Question 25

2 categories of tort law:

Answer 25

Intentional torts

Unintentional torts

Question 26

Result when act is done with intention of causing harm to another

Answer 26

Intentional torts

Question 27

Intentional torts most likely to impact medical imaging services:

Answer 27

Assault
Battery
False imprisonment
Defamation

Question 28

The assent required of a patient for any procedure

Doesn’t require knowledge of the procedure

Answer 28

Simple consent

Question 29

A deliberate act wherein one person threatens to harm another without consent and the victim feels the attacker has the ability to carry out the threat

Answer 29

Assault

Question 30

Touching to which the victim has not consented, even if touching would benefit the patient

Answer 30

Battery

Question 31

The unlawful confinement of a person within a fixed area

Answer 31

False imprisonment

Question 32

Wrongs resulting from actions that were not intended to do harm

Answer 32

Unintentional torts

Question 33

All of these are based on the fact that duty is owed, the duty was breached, and harm resulted from the breach of duty

Answer 33

Unintentional torts

Question 34

Two basic exceptions exist in which informed consent not be obtained

Answer 34

Emergency situations

Therapeutic privilege is invoked

Question 35

A consent form must never be used in place of an oral explanation

Answer 35

Consent forms

Question 36

Consent form includes:

Answer 36

Name of procedure
Explanation of procedure (risks/benefits)
Space for patient name
Name of person doing procedure
Signature lines

Question 37

Consent should be obtained within ____ hours before the procedure

Answer 37

24

Question 38

Written consent must always be obtained when doing __________ procedures.

Answer 38

Invasive