Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
Digital Immigrant
to classify people born before the introduction of digital technology.
For Digital Immigrants, the popular technology for them was radio, television, newspapers, books, and magazines.
Digital Immigrants are adapting to the digital technology introduced during their life time. Ironically, some Digital Immigrants created the digital technology used by Digital Natives.
Digital Native
a person who was born after the introduction of digital technology. Digital Natives use online services like Facebook, YouTube, Hulu, and Twitter on various digital technologies, such as smart phones or a tablet device. Digital Natives have blended their online life with their offline life.
Why is it important to know the difference between digital immigrant or digital native?
You need to understand the differences in Digital Immigrants and Digital Natives because of how these two groups interact. Digital Immigrants are the parents, teachers, and managers of Digital Natives. To effectively interact in some situations, you need to know if someone is a Digital Immigrant or Digital Native.
what is meant by practicing proper etiquette with regards to passwords? Provide a clear example.
- 7 or more charachters
- does not contain user name, real name, company name
- does not cotain a complete dictionary word
- different from previous passwords
- uses chrachters, symbols, numbers
-Never write down your password, and do not share it with others.
-Never ask someone else for his password.
-Never give your password to someone else.
•Enter your password yourself.
How do IS and IT differ? Explain clearly.
Information technology (IT) pertains to things you buy:
§Hardware
§Software
§Data components
*Information technology drives the development of new information systems
Information Systems (IS) include five components: §Hardware §Software §Data §Procedures §People *You can buy IT, you cannot buy IS.
What are the five fundamental components of computer-based information systems?
a. Computer hardware
- Hardware is the most obvious part of a computer-based information system. Hardware refers to the computers themselves, along with any and all peripherals, including servers, routers, monitors, printers and storage devices.
b. Software
- Without software, the hardware wouldn’t be very useful. Software, the second element of a CBIS, is what tells the hardware how to function. It gathers, organizes and manipulates data and carries out instructions. Everything you do using a computer is done by the software.
c. Data
- Just as hardware cannot function without software, software cannot function without data. This is the information part of an information system, and whether that is statistical data, sets of instructions, lists of names or even graphics and animations, it is all key to a CBIS (Com. Bases Information System).
d. Procedures
- procedures are the rules, descriptions and instructions for how things are done. In computer-based information systems, procedures are frequently covered in instruction or user manuals that describe how to use the hardware, software and data
- procedure is to people, software is to hardware
e. People
- People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information system. It is people who design and operate the software, input the data, build the hardware and keep it running, write the procedures and it is ultimately people who determine the success or failure of a CBIS.
Moore’s Law – briefly, what is this and how do we see its effect in technology today? Provide 2 specific effects of this law.
because of technology improvements in electronic chip design and manufacturing, “The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months”
- because of this law, the cost of data communications and data storage is essentially zero
- because the cost of data storage and data communications is essentially zero, any routine skill can and will be outsourced to the lowest bidder
What is the difference between data and information?
Data are raw facts and figures, while information is a processed data. Data is not meaningful on its own; however, information gives meaning to the data. Moreover, information is a data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, and comparing.
We have identified 5 components for a computer-based information system. Which is the most important component and why?
-People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information system. It is people who design and operate the software, input the data, build the hardware and keep it running, write the procedures and it is ultimately people who determine the success or failure of a CBIS.
What is the difference between egocentric thinking and empathetic thinking? Provide specific examples of each.
Egocentric thinkers center on themselves and ignore the views of others
•Centers on self
•“I’m right’ everyone else is wrong”
Ex.
“Professor Jones, I couldn’t come to class last Tuesday. Did we do anything important?”
•Implies the student isn’t accountable for his actions
•Implies professor lectured on nothing important
•Doesn’t take into account professor’s view of absences
•Assumes the professor has time to rehash the class discussions and activities one-on-one
- Empathetic thinkers consider their view as only one possible interpretation of the problem and actively work to learn what others are thinking.
- My view is one possible interpretation
- Take time to learn what others are thinking
- Skilled negotiators always know what the other side wants. You should not think in terms of “win or lose” but rather “win/win”
“I couldn’t come to class, but I got the class notes from Mary. I read through them, and I have a question…Oh by the way, I’m sorry to trouble you with my problem.”
•Takes personal responsibility
•Minimizes impact of absence on someone else
•Considers impact from professor’s side
•Considers that the professor must interrupt their other work to give extra help so you can recover from your absence
• When “applying emerging information technology to business”, explain and give 4 clear examples of HOW we would do this (e.g. abstract reasoning is one)? Be sure to explain and not simply list 4.
a. Abstract Reasoning- the ability to make and manipulate models or representations.
To differentiate visual from non visual. Student my apply what they learn in many complex ways. Predicting the outcome of election
b. Systems Thinking- the ability to model the components of the system, to connect the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole that reflects the structure and dynamics of the phenomenon observed.
Ex. You will need systems thinking to answer the questions like “do you know why one of the beneficiaries of YouTubee is Cisco System?”
c. Collaboration- the activity of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal, result, work, or product.
Ex. Develop ideas and plans with others. Provide and receive critical feedback.
d. Ability to Experiment- making a reasoned analysis of an opportunity, envisioning potential solutions, evaluating those possibilities, and developing the most promising ones, consistent with the resources you have.
What are the 4 components of a business process? Explain by providing a specific example of each.
A. Activities- transforms resources & information from one type into another; it can be manual or automated
Ex. Manual (people following procedure): automated (hardware directed by software)
Ex. Payment (act.) transforms quantity received (info) & shipping invoice (info) into payment to supplier (resource)
B. resources- items of value that are external to organization; people, facilities, or computer programs that are assigned to roles.
Ex. Customers, suppliers
C. Facilities- structures used within business process
Ex. Inventories, database, factories, equip
D. Information- used by activities and helps us make decision. Determines how to transform inputs into outputs.
• Which component of the business process uses (transforms) information?
Activities. transforming resources & information means t taking the information and updating it
What are some key attributes of what would be considered ‘good information’? Provide 4 attributes of good information and explain each.
A. Accurate- information that is based on correct and complete data, and it has been processed correctly as expected. Accuracy is very crucial for management. Information needs to be correct and complete. In order to guarantee the accuracy of the information, we need to cross-check it
B. Timely- information that is produced in time for intended use.
C. Relevant- information that is directly pertains to both the context and to the subject it references.
D. Just sufficient- information that is sufficient for the purpose for which it is generated
“the higher you rise into management, the more information you will be given, and because there is only so much time, the more info. You will need to ignore.
E. Worth its cost- information is not free. For information to be worth its cost, an appropriate relationship must exist bet. The cost of info. And its value.
Can we have too much information? Recall “just barely sufficient” – isn’t more better? Explain clearly why “just barely sufficient” information is considered best providing 2 specific examples.
No we cant’t have to much info. just barely sufficient is better because it is more focused.
Just sufficient- information that is sufficient for the purpose for which it is generated
“the higher you rise into management, the more information you will be given, and because there is only so much time, the more info. You will need to ignore.
If I want to search for the meaning if Information technology on the Internet, all I want to see there is the definition and not some additional stuff like who was the founder of ITM. Worse is, I don’t want to see an information that is not entirely related to ITM, like the inventor of electrician or something. Keeping it more focused is better
When is processed data good? When is processed data bad? Provide clear examples of each.
A. Accurate- information that is based on correct and complete data, and it has been processed correctly as expected. Accuracy is very crucial for management. Information needs to be correct and complete. In order to guarantee the accuracy of the information, we need to cross-check it
B. Timely- information that is produced in time for intended use.
C. Relevant- information that is directly pertains to both the context and to the subject it references.
D. Just sufficient- information that is sufficient for the purpose for which it is generated
“the higher you rise into management, the more information you will be given, and because there is only so much time, the more info. You will need to ignore.
E. Worth its cost- information is not free. For information to be worth its cost, an appropriate relationship must exist bet. The cost of info. And its value.
PROCESSED DATA IS BAD DO THE OPPOSITE OF THESE!!!!!!!
Provide an example of an activity that incorporates multiple business processes. Explain.
– Payment(activity) transforms QuantityReceived(information) and ShippingInvoice(information) into PaymentToSupplier(resource) - The check membership status activity takes class request and member records inputs, process those inputs by determining if the person making the request is a valid member, and produces one of two outputs depending on the results of a decision.
• Information systems support business processes in a variety of ways: some fully automate the process; some processes are still mainly manual; while some are a combination of automated and manual. Provide specific examples of each of the above 3 and explain to what level they are automated and why.
FULLY AUTOMATE
ex. Counter Sales—–computer in cash register communicates with computer that hosts inventory database. The program record sales and makes changes. Thus, cashiers do not work directly with programs on computer.
Mainly Manual
ex. IS to support purchasing—–Payment receives, Quantity received, Shipping Invoice, and Supplier payment. —Accounts payable Clerk reads documents and issues payment or investigates discrepancies.
Combination-balanced work bet. Automation and manual act.
ex. Purchasing—–purchasing clerk runs program that queries database and identifies stock levels and generate Purchase order.
-Searching database is repetitive-automated
-Selecting suppliers is complicated- manual process
