Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 105 > Chapter 1&2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1&2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution in which water is the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in each atom of a particular element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Base

A

A substance that deceased the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Buffers

A

A chemical substance that resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemical bonds

A

An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outershell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cohesion

A

The attraction between molecules of the same kind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compounds

A

A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio; for example, table salt consists of one atom of the element sodium for every atom of chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biosphere

A

The global ecosystem; the entire portion of the Earth inhabited by life, all of life and where it lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Controlled experiment

A

A component of the process of science whereby a scientist carries out two parallel tests, an experimental test and a controlled test. The experimental test differs from the control by one factor, the variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Discovery science

A

The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Covalent bond

A

An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means. Scientists recognize 92 chemical elements occurring in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acid

A

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

A property of water whereby body becomes cooler as water evaporates from it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heat

A

The amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of the atoms in molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A type of weak chemical bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom in another molecule (or in another part of the same molecule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ions

A

At atom or molecule that had gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring an electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ionic bond

A

An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Isotopes

A

A variant for of an atom. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of materials in an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving abiotic factors with which they interact, a biological community and it’s physical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Genes

A

A unit of inheritance in DNA or RNA in some viruses consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence that programs the amino acids sequence of the polypeptide. Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA if you are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

30
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

31
Q

Molecule

A

A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

32
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge) found in the nucleus of an atom

33
Q

pH scale

A

A measure of the relative acidity of a solution ranging in the value from zero most acidic to 14 most basic. pH stands for potential hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions

34
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule containing polar covalent bonds (having opposite charges on opposite ends)

35
Q

Products

A

An ending material in a chemical reaction

36
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge found in the nucleus of an atom

37
Q

Radioactive isotope

A

An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.

38
Q

Hypothesis-driven

A

The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature

39
Q

Life

A

The set of common characteristics that distinguish living organisms including such properties and processes as order, regulation, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, reproduction and the capacity to evolve over time

40
Q

Natural selection

A

Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics differential reproductive success

41
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles, found in the domains bacteria and archaea

42
Q

Reactants

A

A starting material in a chemical reaction

43
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

44
Q

Solution

A

A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances: a dissolving agent, the solvent, and the substance that is dissolved, the solute.

45
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the intensity of heat, reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules

46
Q

Trace elements

A

An element that is essential for the survival of an organism but is needed in only minute quantities

47
Q

Scientific method

A

Scientific investigation involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth or falseness of the hypothesis, and results that validate or modify the hypothesis.

48
Q

Theory

A

A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence

49
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

A property of water whereby body becomes cooler as water evaporates from it

50
Q

Heat

A

The amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of the atoms in molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form

51
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A type of weak chemical bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom in another molecule (or in another part of the same molecule)

52
Q

Ions

A

At atom or molecule that had gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring an electrical charge

53
Q

Ionic bond

A

An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together

54
Q

Isotopes

A

A variant for of an atom. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

55
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of materials in an object

56
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells.

57
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving abiotic factors with which they interact, a biological community and it’s physical environment

58
Q

Genes

A

A unit of inheritance in DNA or RNA in some viruses consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence that programs the amino acids sequence of the polypeptide. Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA if you are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts

59
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.

60
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

61
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

62
Q

Molecule

A

A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

63
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge) found in the nucleus of an atom

64
Q

pH scale

A

A measure of the relative acidity of a solution ranging in the value from zero most acidic to 14 most basic. pH stands for potential hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions

65
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule containing polar covalent bonds (having opposite charges on opposite ends)

66
Q

Products

A

An ending material in a chemical reaction

67
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge found in the nucleus of an atom

68
Q

Radioactive isotope

A

An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.

69
Q

Hypothesis-driven

A

The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature

70
Q

Life

A

The set of common characteristics that distinguish living organisms including such properties and processes as order, regulation, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, reproduction and the capacity to evolve over time

71
Q

Natural selection

A

Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics differential reproductive success

72
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles, found in the domains bacteria and archaea

Biology 105 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions