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Biology 105 > Chapter 1&2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution in which water is the solvent

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2
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in each atom of a particular element

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4
Q

Base

A

A substance that deceased the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

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5
Q

Buffers

A

A chemical substance that resists change in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions

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6
Q

Chemical bonds

A

An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outershell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.

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7
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds

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8
Q

Cohesion

A

The attraction between molecules of the same kind

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9
Q

Compounds

A

A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio; for example, table salt consists of one atom of the element sodium for every atom of chlorine

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10
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life

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11
Q

Biosphere

A

The global ecosystem; the entire portion of the Earth inhabited by life, all of life and where it lives

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12
Q

Controlled experiment

A

A component of the process of science whereby a scientist carries out two parallel tests, an experimental test and a controlled test. The experimental test differs from the control by one factor, the variable.

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13
Q

Discovery science

A

The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature

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14
Q

Covalent bond

A

An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons

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15
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.

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16
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means. Scientists recognize 92 chemical elements occurring in nature

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17
Q

Acid

A

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution

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18
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

A property of water whereby body becomes cooler as water evaporates from it

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19
Q

Heat

A

The amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of the atoms in molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form

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20
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

A type of weak chemical bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom in another molecule (or in another part of the same molecule)

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21
Q

Ions

A

At atom or molecule that had gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring an electrical charge

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22
Q

Ionic bond

A

An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together

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23
Q

Isotopes

A

A variant for of an atom. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

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24
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of materials in an object

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25
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells.
26
Ecosystem
All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving abiotic factors with which they interact, a biological community and it's physical environment
27
Genes
A unit of inheritance in DNA or RNA in some viruses consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence that programs the amino acids sequence of the polypeptide. Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA if you are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts
28
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.
29
Mass number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
30
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
31
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
32
Neutron
An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge) found in the nucleus of an atom
33
pH scale
A measure of the relative acidity of a solution ranging in the value from zero most acidic to 14 most basic. pH stands for potential hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions
34
Polar molecule
A molecule containing polar covalent bonds (having opposite charges on opposite ends)
35
Products
An ending material in a chemical reaction
36
Proton
A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge found in the nucleus of an atom
37
Radioactive isotope
An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
38
Hypothesis-driven
The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature
39
Life
The set of common characteristics that distinguish living organisms including such properties and processes as order, regulation, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, reproduction and the capacity to evolve over time
40
Natural selection
Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics differential reproductive success
41
Prokaryotic cell
A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles, found in the domains bacteria and archaea
42
Reactants
A starting material in a chemical reaction
43
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
44
Solution
A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances: a dissolving agent, the solvent, and the substance that is dissolved, the solute.
45
Temperature
A measure of the intensity of heat, reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules
46
Trace elements
An element that is essential for the survival of an organism but is needed in only minute quantities
47
Scientific method
Scientific investigation involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth or falseness of the hypothesis, and results that validate or modify the hypothesis.
48
Theory
A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
49
Evaporative cooling
A property of water whereby body becomes cooler as water evaporates from it
50
Heat
The amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of the atoms in molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form
51
Hydrogen bonds
A type of weak chemical bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom in another molecule (or in another part of the same molecule)
52
Ions
At atom or molecule that had gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring an electrical charge
53
Ionic bond
An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together
54
Isotopes
A variant for of an atom. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons
55
Mass
A measure of the amount of materials in an object
56
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells.
57
Ecosystem
All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving abiotic factors with which they interact, a biological community and it's physical environment
58
Genes
A unit of inheritance in DNA or RNA in some viruses consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence that programs the amino acids sequence of the polypeptide. Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA if you are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts
59
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.
60
Mass number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
61
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
62
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
63
Neutron
An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge) found in the nucleus of an atom
64
pH scale
A measure of the relative acidity of a solution ranging in the value from zero most acidic to 14 most basic. pH stands for potential hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions
65
Polar molecule
A molecule containing polar covalent bonds (having opposite charges on opposite ends)
66
Products
An ending material in a chemical reaction
67
Proton
A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge found in the nucleus of an atom
68
Radioactive isotope
An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
69
Hypothesis-driven
The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature
70
Life
The set of common characteristics that distinguish living organisms including such properties and processes as order, regulation, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, reproduction and the capacity to evolve over time
71
Natural selection
Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics differential reproductive success
72
Prokaryotic cell
A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles, found in the domains bacteria and archaea

Biology 105 (2 decks)

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