chapter 1, 2, 4 Flashcards
What do discourses stem out of?
Norms
According to Aries during what time did children start to look more child like in art depictions?
The Renaissance
What is pedagogy
Theory of teaching or educating or learning
What is eurocentrism?
The belief that european culture is the best or only culture
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that a particular culture is the best or only culture
What is a discourse?
A way of thinking.
What is Ontology
The study of reality
Is child a discourse or ontology
Ontology
Are childhood a discourse or ontology
Discourse
What does trans mean
cross
What is agency?
The power and ability to be independent
Who are the 5 fathers of developmental theory
Sigmund Freud, Charles Darwin, Charles Cooley, John Watson, B.F Skinner
Who is the father of biological determinism
Charles Darwin
Who is the father of psychoanayltic theory
Sigmund Freud
Who are three major theorists that adopted constructivist approaches
Watson, skinner, & cooley
When does primary socialization occcur
During childhood
When does secondary socialization occur
Adulthood
What was the chance of dying in a residential school
1/25
What is childism
A prejudice against children that believes that they are property of adults
When was the united nations conventions on the rights of the child created
1989
The united nations conventions on the rights of the child stressed three P`s.. what are they
protection, provision, and participation
What two country’s did not sign the united nations convention on the rights of the child
The united states, and somalia
What are intrafamilial factors
factors that influence the life of a child, Focuses on the society within the family and home
What are extrafamilial factors
factors that influence the life of a child. Focuses on the society outside the family or home
Why is the nuclear family deminishing
new models of kinship
Who believed that maternal deprivation could have life long impacts on a person
John Bowlby
What is the family adaptation model
A theory that stresses that both parents must learn to balance work inside and outside of the home and that all members of the family adapt when raising a child.
Who created the bioecological theory of child development
Brofenbrenneur
What are the 5 layers in the bioecological theory of child development
micro system, meso system, Exo system, macro system, chrono system
What is the micro system
The smallest scale of social interaction. It is the most immediate form of interaction.
What is the meso system
It is the interaction between the micro system and the larger systems (how does the family and school interact)
What is the exosystem
It is the system that influences the life of the child but a system in which the child does not have a direct relationship with (parents work)
what is the macro system
The large scale of society and interaction. This includes things like culture and enthicity.
What is the chrono system
The system that looks at how the childs life is affected by socio historical events
What are the three parenting styles
Punitive, Authoritative, and uninvolved
Who has a theory of captial
Bourdieu
What are the three different kinds of capitals
cultural, economic, social
What is cultural capital
Non- financial symbols of worth or assets (example a degree from oxford or clothing)
What is economic capital
Monetary assets (having a big bank account)
What is social capital
Group memberships, social networks and relationships
what is capital
wealth
Who was Omar Khadr
A canadian citizen who was 15 years old when he was taken by the us military and brought to Guatanamo bay and was charged for war crimes
What does atricle 13 say in the un conventions on the rights of a child
Children have the right to freedom of expression
What does article 16 say in the un conventions of the rights of a child
Children have the right to privacy
What is the TRC
The truth and reconciliation comission
How many children are recorded dead from residential schools according to the trc
over 6000
Who said There is no such thing as a baby, if you set out to describe a baby you end up also describing its environment
Donald winnicott
What is the new sociology of childhood
Viewing children as competent social agents, worthy of being theorized in their own right.
Was Sigmund Freud a biological determinist
No
What is the three part process of Cooley’s Looking Glass Self
First we imagine what we appear like to another person. Second, we imagine how that person judges us. Third we feel pride or shame about how the other person is judging us.
What is George Herbert Mead’s term “I”
The biological basis of our existence.
What is George Herbert Mead’s term for “me”
The learned and acquired social component that we learn through our interactions with others.
Who created sociocultural theory
Lev Vygotsky
What are the four main pillars or key commitments in the UN Conventions on the Rights of a Child.
1) The best interest of the child 2)survival and development 3) Children’s participation 4)Non- discrimination
What were the four central themes in “A Canada Fit for Children”
Supporting families and strengthening communities, promoting healthy lives, protecting from harm, and promoting education and learning
What are the four childhood discourses according to James et al
The tribal child, the social structural child, the minority group, and the socially constructed child
What does bidirectional mean in regards to children and parents
That there is a transmission of values, beliefs, and behaviours that occur between children and parents.
What was the common unidirectional belief about parents socializing children
Society/culture influenced the parents and then the parents influenced the children.
Who wrote about simultaneity where both parents and children play a role in determining parenting styles and child outcomes
Burton et al
When did the recognition of bidirectionally between parents and children occur
Since World War 2
After world war 2 what happened to marriage rates
They increased
After World War 2 what happened to births
Birth rates increased and women were having children at a younger age
What is a baby boom
The demographic bulge of births occurring in this post war period
In rural canada what was the role of women and children
They were to work the land alongside men
In industrialized canada what was the role of women and men
To work in factories and both were required to contribute to the household as producers.
What was the primary role of mothers after world war 2
to take care of children and enhance the home.
What did being part of the middle class mean after the war
That one income (the males) was enough to provide for the family, and therefore women should stay at home.
According to Bowlby, children under the age of what should not be separated from their mother for a prolonged period of time?
3
In what year did the Canadian Census count same-sex- common law partners as families
2001
What is the compensation model
Partners are expected to play more of a role in parenting their child to compensate for the mother being absent due to efforts in the work force.
What was the role of fathers in colonial times
He was the disciplinarian, moral teacher, and head of household.
What was the role of the father in the industrialized time
To be the breadwinner of the family
What was the role of the father in the post war period
He had time for leisure so could play a role in the socialization of the child but was not expected to be the primary caregiver.
What are the two main causes for stay at home dads
Underemployment, or affluence
Fathers who delayed parenting until what age are more likely to be involved in their child’s life
35
How does mothering change qualitatively as fathers become more involved
Mothers become less sensitive, and express more negative emotions
According to Hoffman and Zhao what converging themes are similar between chinese and american parenting magazines
The role and importance of scientific expertise, individualism, and the importance of self expression.
What is gender socialization
Being socialized to know what is properly masculine or feminine. We are socialized by our agents of socialization
What is gender schema
An organized knowledge structure of gender conceptions and stereotypes formed from the cues around them
Which parent is more likely to treat their child differently depending on whether it is a boy or girl
Father
What gender has more boundary enforcement given by both mother and father
son/boy
At what age are children able to associate feminine stereotyped names with females and vice/versa
3 1/2
Who found that we judge babies differently based on whether we believe them to be female or male
Condry and Condry
In an African American qualitative study done by Hill what did parents fear was the consequence of failing to teach masculinity
Homosexuality
According to Kohn, what do the working class parents stress or focus on for their child
obedience, conformity, neatness, and orderliness
According to Kohn, what do the middle class parents stress or focus on for their child
Independence, self reliance, and autonomy.
What is the concerted cultivation model of parenting according to Lareau
It looks at how middle class parents deliberately cultivate their children’s talents in order to optimize their position in various aspect of life (including school, or sports)
What is the natural growth model of parenting according to Lareau
It looks at how the working class parents focus on the accomplishment of natural growth
Which parenting style is attributed to being low on responsiveness and low on expectations or control
Authoritarian or uninvolved.
What parenting style is said to be highly disciplinary
Punitive
Children raised from style of parenting are more likely to be aggressive and have lower levels of pro-social behaviour
Punitive
