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LEA 2 > Chapter 1,2,3,5 > Flashcards

Chapter 1,2,3,5 Flashcards

1
Q

The degree or grade by which a person, thing or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another.

A

Comparative

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2
Q

In a social sciences context, it refers to a specific methodology of analyzing similarities and contrasts amongst selected entities and defined variables

A

Comparison

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3
Q

Public force empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimized use of force

A

Police

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4
Q

Refers to the actions taken by a police agency to fulfill a legal mandate of which the end result is maintenance of order and keeping the peace

A

Policing

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5
Q

A combination of related elements that is functioning as a whole in order to achieve a single goal or objective

A

System

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6
Q

Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover insights in the field of international.

A

Comparative System in Policing

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7
Q

What do you call if researcher visit another country?

A

Safari Method

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8
Q

what do you call if researcher communicates with foreign researcher

A

Collaborative Method

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9
Q

Theories of Police Service

A
  1. Continental Theory
  2. Home Rule Theory
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10
Q

Policemen are considered servants of the higher authority and people have little or no share of all their duties, nor any direct connection with them.

A

Continental Theory

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11
Q

Policemen are considered servants of the community who depend for the effectiveness of their functions upon the express wishes of the people.

A

Home Rule Theory

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12
Q

General Concept of Police Service

A
  1. Old Concept
  2. New Concept
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13
Q

the role instrument of crime control-throwing more people to jail rather then keeping them out of jail

A

Punishment

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14
Q

In this concept Punishment is the role instrument of crime control-throwing more people to jail rather then keeping them out of jail

A

Old Concept

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15
Q

The yardstick of efficiency of the police is the absence of crime. It objective is the welfare of the people and the society

A

New Concept

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16
Q

Traditional Policing Activities

A
  1. Enforcing Laws
  2. Preserving the Peace
  3. Preventing Crime
  4. Protecting Rights and Liberties
  5. Providing other Services
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17
Q

Police must not only decide what laws to enforce, but they also must serve as an integral part of the criminal justice system, responsible for apprehending offenders and assisting in their prosecution

A

Enforcing Laws

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18
Q

It has been a prime goal of policing activities. However, this goal has become increasingly complex

A

Enforcing Laws

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19
Q

The police are often called to intervene in non-criminal conduct such as those that which occurs at public events, in social relations, and in traffic control to maintain law and order. They often help people solve problems that the latter cannot cope alone

A

Preserving the Peace

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20
Q

Combination to law Enforcement and peace preservation

A

Preventing Crime

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21
Q

It is often undertaken by the police agency in working with juveniles, cooperating with probation and parole administration and educating the public

A

Preventing Crime

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22
Q

It attempts to eliminate potentially dangerous situation

A

Preventing Crime

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23
Q

The goals and methods of the police must promote individual liberty, public safety, and social justice. Some as the single most important goal of policing activities perceives protecting rights and liberties of the people.

A

Protecting Right and Liberties

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24
Q

Many police agencies provide community education programs regarding crimes, drugs supply and demand reduction, public safety, and the like

A

Providing Other Service

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25
Q

Many new demands are made including giving information, intervening in domestic disputes, rendering emergency or recue services, controlling traffic and crowds

A

Providing Other Service

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26
Q

Contemporary Goals of Policing activities

A
  1. Partnership with the community
  2. Problem-solving approach to crime
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27
Q

Police officers and their agencies may team-up with citizens, businesses, private policing enterprises, and the other law enforcement agencies to achieve the objectives of policing activities

A

Partnership with the Community

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28
Q

Who represents the image of PNP that have the positive personality

A

Police Community Relations (PCR)

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29
Q

Crime-focuses on determining the underlying causes of problems, including crime, and identifying solutions to problems identified

A

Problem-solving approach of crime

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30
Q

It is defined as organizational-wide strategy aimed at solving persistent community problems, and incidents

A

Problem-Solving Approach to Crime

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31
Q

Primary Function of the Police Service

A
  1. Administrative Services
  2. Field Service
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32
Q

Those functions that occur “behind the scenes”, away from the front line of police officers in the field. These services include clerical and technical support to manage the information needed and generated by those in field services

A

Administrative Service

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33
Q

It is the high ranking officials

A

Administrative Service

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34
Q

Performed by one functional office, sometimes by a separate office and may be further specialized by the type of individual crime involves

A

Field service

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35
Q

Usually sixty to seventy percent of the police agencies police officers are assigned to it providing continuous police service and visibility. Tasks include calls for service, self-initiated activity, and administrative functions

A

Patrol

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36
Q

Said to be the backbone of police operations

A

Patrol

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37
Q

a well-rounded traffic program involves many activities designed to maintain order and safety in streets and highways

A

Traffic

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38
Q

Enforce traffic laws, direct and control traffic, and provide emergency assistance

A

Traffic Officer

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39
Q

What do you called if the flow of traffic is very slow because of too many vehicles in rode/way

A

Traffic Conjection

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40
Q

what do you called if Traffic because of accidents

A

Traffic Jam

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41
Q

Has the responsibility to follow-up investigation

A

Investigation

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42
Q

The success of any criminal investigation relies on the cooperative and coordinated efforts of both the patrol and investigative functions

A

Investigation

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43
Q

Many larger police agencies have separate community relations’ service to strengthen the communication channels and cooperation between the public and police agencies

A

Community Service

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44
Q

Basic functions within the police agencies, larger agencies frequentl train officers to perform highly specialized tasks that may include evidence technician, intelligence operatives, K-9 handlers, SWAT team members, bomb squad

A

Specialized Officer

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45
Q

Type of Police Officer (US)

A
  1. Uniformed Officers
  2. Detectives
  3. State police and highway patrol officer
  4. Fish and game wardens
  5. Transit and railroad officer
  6. Sheriffs
  7. Special Jurisdiction Police
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46
Q

maintain regular patrols and respond to emergency calls, involved in Investigating criminal activity, directing traffic and generally helping citizens in need

A

Uniform Officer

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47
Q

active at crime scenes and spend their time investigating crimes

A

Detectives

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48
Q

often busy patrolling highway

A

State police and highway patrol officer

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49
Q

sometimes referred to as state trooper

A

State Police and highways Patrol Officers

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50
Q

tasked with enforcing the rules and regulations designed to protect wildlife

A

Fish and game wardens

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51
Q

responsible for patrolling public transportation areas like Subways and trains or railways

A

Transit and Railroad Officers

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52
Q

Duties of a Chief of Police(COP)

A

Sheriff

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53
Q

Airport Police are an example of Police Officer (US)

A

Special Jurisdiction Police

54
Q

Introduced the act for improving the Police in and near the Metropolis (Metropolitan Police Act)passed parliament of England the milestone of England’s police force

A

Sir Robert “Bobbies” Peel

55
Q

Consider as the Father of Modern Policing System

A

Sir Robert Peel

56
Q

n which officers were assigned to relatively small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with them and the people residing there, thereby making the officer a part of neighborhood

A

Beat System

57
Q

Argued that police officer could better protect the public and their property through the use of science and technology and the education and professionalization of policing

A

August “Gus” Vollmer

58
Q

Father of American Policing

A

August “Gus” Vollmer

59
Q

A tireless advocate who believed that officers should function as social workers and do more than arrest offenders

A

August Vollmer

60
Q

A highly progressive police chief who made the city of Berkeley the center of his innovation

A

August Vollmer

61
Q

He became Berkeley’s first police chief in the early 1900s and began advancing policing in its use of technology, training and most importantly education

A

August Vollmer

62
Q

Define as a law enforcement philosophy that allows officers to continuously operate in the same area in order to create a stronger bond with the citizens living and working in that area

A

Community Policing

63
Q

Types of Societies

A
  1. Folk-communal
  2. Urban-commercial
  3. Urban-industrial
  4. Bureaucratic
64
Q

As little codification of law, little specialization among police,and a system of punishment that just lets things go for a while without attention until things become too much, and then harsh, barbaric punishment is restored to

A

Folk-Communal

65
Q

Punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient but mostly harsh

A

Urban-commercial

66
Q

Presence of codified law with an attempt to create more law in a direction that prescribes good behavior

A

Urban-industrial

67
Q

Police became specialized in how to handle property crimes

A

Urban-industrial

68
Q

The system of punishment attempts to run on market principles of creating incentives and disincentives

A

Urban-industrial

69
Q

Police who tend to keep busy handling rare events, terrorism,and newly emerging forms of crime

A

Bureaucratic

70
Q

A system of punishment often characterized by miral panics, over criminalization and overcrowding

A

Coherent System of Law

71
Q

Two methods of comparative research

A
  1. Safari Method
  2. Collaborative Method
72
Q

a method of research wherein the reseacher visits another country, reviews relevant literatures and statistics talks to key persons and goes home and writes a comparative study between his or herown county and the country visited

A

Safari Method

73
Q

A method od research wherein the researcher communicates with a foreign researcher most satisfactory in overcoming language barriers and possible misunderstanding

A

Collaborative Method

74
Q

It is a system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy

A

Globalization

75
Q

5 broad definitions of Globalization

A
  1. Globalization as internalization
  2. Liberalization
  3. Universalization
  4. Westernization or Modernization
  5. Deterritorialization or as the spread of supraterritoriality
76
Q

Found 5 broad definitions of Globalization

A

Jan Aart Scholte

77
Q

Theories of Comparative Policing

A
  1. Alertness to Crime Theory
  2. Economic or Migration Theory
  3. Opportunity Theory
    4.Demographic Theory
  4. Deprivation Theory
  5. Modernization Theory
  6. Anomie and Synomie Theory
78
Q

hold that as a nation develops, people’s alertness to crime is heightened, so they report more crime to police and also demand the police become more effective at solving crime problems

A

Alertness to Crime Theory

79
Q

holds that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and over population in urban areas such as ghettos and slums

A

Economic or Migration Theory

80
Q

holds that along with higher standards of living, victims become more careless of their belonging, and opportunities for committing crime multiply

A

Opportunity Theory

81
Q

holds that when the event occurs when a great number of children are born, as the baby boom grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent identity crisis

A

Demographic Theory

82
Q

holds that progress comes along with rising expectations, and people at the bottom develop unrealistic expectations while people at the top don’t see themselves rising fast enough

A

Deprivation Theory

83
Q

holds that the basic problem is society becoming too complex

A

Modernization Theory

84
Q

suggests that progressive lifestyles and norms result in the disintegration of older norms that once held people together

A

Anomie Theory

85
Q

people can come together and achieve social consensus or social cohesion over values

A

Synomie Theory

86
Q

Developing a response to a crime or another problem that is designed to keep a crime from occurring

A

Proactive

87
Q

Responding to specific problems based on citizen’s requests and following up on those problems are reactive responses

A

Reactive

88
Q

Policing Policy Models

A

Crime control model
Due process model

89
Q

It is based on the presumption that the repression of criminal behavior is the most important aspect of police duty and therefore should be given priority

A

Crime Control Model

90
Q

Legal System

A
  1. Common Law System
  2. Civil Law System
  3. Socialist System
  4. Islamic System
91
Q

This aproach has been rationalized in the past by the assumption that inconvenience or harassment of inocent people can be justified by the fact that police are fighting crime

A

Crime Control Model

92
Q

The primary object of policing, police policy is that is far better than 100 guilty men escape justice rather than one innocent person be convicted

A

Due process Model

93
Q

Common Law System is Also known as

A

Anglo-American Justice

94
Q

where lawyers interpret and judges are bound by precedent (or stare decisis).

A

Adversarial System

95
Q

distinctive in the significance they attach to precedent (the importance of previously decided cases).

A

Common Law System

96
Q

They rely primarily upon oral systems of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point

A

Common Law System

97
Q

Civil law also known as

A

Continental justice, Romano-Germanic justice, or Roman law

98
Q

It is the largest and most prevalent system of justice in the world

A

Civil Law System

99
Q

where less rights are granted to the accused, and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation

A

Inquisitorial Process

100
Q

Socialist System also known as

A

Marxist - Leninists or Communist Justice

101
Q

It exists in many places, such as Africa and Asia, and parts of Latin America, anywhere where there has been Communist revolution or the remnants of one

A

Socialist System

102
Q

It is the ultimate expression of positive law, designed to move the state forward toward the perfectibility of state and mankind

A

Socialist System

103
Q

Producers designed to forcibly rehabilitate or retrain people in into fulfilling their responsibilities to the state distinguish It

A

Socialist System

104
Q

It is also primarily characterized by administrative law, where non-legal officials make most of the decisions

A

Socialist System

105
Q

Islamic System also known as

A

Muslim or Arabic Justice

106
Q

derives all of its procedures and practices from interpretation of the Koran

A

Islamic System

107
Q

It is the only legal tradition in the word which considers all law to be of divine origin

A

Islamic System

108
Q

Court System o the World

A
  1. Adversarial
  2. Inquisitorial
  3. Mixed
109
Q

Where the accused is innocent until proven guilty

A

Adversarial

110
Q

Assumes that the best way to get to the truth of a matter is through a competitive process to determine the facts and application of the law accurately

A

Adversarial

111
Q

Where the accused is guilty until proven innocent or mitigated, have more secret procedures

A

Inquisitorial

112
Q

It is characterized by extensive pre-trial investigation and interrogations with the objective to avoid bringing an innocent person to trial

A

Inquisitorial

113
Q

The power of planning and decision-making is exclusively in the hands of top management. It alludes to the concentration of all powers to the apex level

A

Centralization of Authority

114
Q

Refers to the dissemination of powers by the top management to the middle or low-level management. It is the delegation of authority, at all levels of management

A

Decentralization

115
Q

Policing Models

A
  1. Reactive (Traditional) Policing
  2. Predictive Policing
  3. Problem-Orientated Policing (POP)
  4. Community Oriented Policing
  5. Reassurance Policing
  6. Scanning,Analysis, Response and Assessment (SARA)
  7. Intelligence-led Policing (ILP)
116
Q

police respond when a call comes in stating that a crime has occurred

A

Reactive Policing

117
Q

Upon arrival the patrol service takes a report then pass the investigation over to the detectives’ branch. At this point, the patrol service officer(s) would return to their patrol vehicle or station, awaiting their next callout

A

Reactive Policing

118
Q

Refers to the usage of predictive and analytical techniques in law enforcement to identify potential offenders

A

Predictive Policing

119
Q

an emphasis on trying and prevent crime from happening

A

Problem-Orientated Policing (POP)

120
Q

This policing model has detectives watching for patterns in crimes to help understand when and how crimes are being committed

A

Problem - Oriented Policing (POP)

121
Q

Focuses on Police building ties and working closely with members of the communities within their AOR

A

Community-Oriented Policing

122
Q

The officers will make their presence known and also rely on community members to report any suspicious behavior or tips on criminals in the area

A

Community-Oriented Policing

123
Q

This method creates a relationship and engenders an element of trust

A

Community-Oriented Policing

124
Q

aims to identify signals”, and involve the community in solving community-related problems

A

Reassurance Policing

125
Q

Signal crimes are those that shape a community’s perception of risk from particular of crime particular types during a given period

A

Reassurance Policing

126
Q

refers to four key steps in the problem solving and decision-making process

A

Scanning, Analysis, Response and Assessment (SARA)

127
Q

involves looking for patterns of problem activities, including victims, locations and types of crimes

A

Scanning

128
Q

which includes looking for the root causes of any problems or issues Identified

A

Analysis

129
Q

Required to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution and adjust as appropriate

A

Assessment

130
Q

defined as “a strategic, future-oriented, targeted approach to crime control, focusing upon the identification, analysis & management of persisting and developing problems or risks

A

Intelligence-led Policing (ILP)

LEA 2 (3 decks)

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