Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSCY- 1110 > Chapter 1 -2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 -2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology

A

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. psychology uses scientific methods to observe, describe, and predict behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Behavior

A

Behavior is everything that a person does that can be directly observed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Mental
processes

A

Mental
processes are the thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences
privately but that cannot be observed directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four attitudes At the core of the scientific approach

A

critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Critical thinking

A

Critical thinking is the
process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are empirical methods

A

The empirical method is
gaining knowledge through observation, collecting evidence, and logical reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who created the academic discipline of psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt studies what type of Psychology

A

Structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Structuralism

A

Structuralism is looking inside the mind, the What of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Introspection

A

the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

William James’ approach to mental processes was

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Functionalists

A

Functionalists focus on how
humans interact with the outside world, the what of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Charles Darwin’s principle of natural selection

A

an evolutionary process in
which organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and, importantly,
produce offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes unconscious thought

A

Psychodynamic Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Neuroscience

A

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the structure, function, development,
genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system. It emphasizes that the brain and nervous
system are central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavior

A

The behavioral approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was the first behaviorists

A

John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the seven Contemporary approaches to Psychology?

A

biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, Humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, sociocultural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology focuses on the body, especially the brain and nervous system

A

Biological Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following are significant ingredients in producing behavior, according to the biopsychosocial approach?

A

biological factors

psychological factors

social factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a theory?

A

a broad idea, or set of closely related ideas, that attempts to explain certain observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The first step in conducting a scientific inquiry is

A

observing some phenomena in the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a variable?

A

anything that can change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

a testable prediction that is derived logically from a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The _____ perspective on human behavior asserts that biological, psychological, and social factors are all significant ingredients in producing behavior.

A

biopsychosocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

During the third step of the scientific method, when researchers test the hypothesis, they

A

conduct empirical research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is descriptive research

A

research that involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is correlational research

A

research that is interested in discovering relationships between variables, to determine how variables change together Example SAT scores are related to GPA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is an experimental research

A

to determine whether a causal relationship exists between two variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Developing a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory is part of the _____ step in the scientific method

A

Second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is operational definitions

A

is an objective description of how a research variable is going to be measured and observed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which of the following are types of psychological research?

A

descriptive

correlational

experimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

correlational coefficient

A

The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a(n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following are descriptive research methods?

A

surveys

interviews

observation

case studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a longitudinal design?

A

systematic observation that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

An experiment involves What?

A

manipulating one variable and observing the effect on another variable

37
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes a persons positive qualities

A

The Humanistic approach

38
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes the mental process involved in knowing how we direct our attention, perceive, remember think and solve problems

A

The Cognitive approach

39
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology emphasizes evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproductions, and natural selection

A

The Evolutionary Approach

40
Q

What Contemporary approach to psychology examines the influences of social and cultural environments

A

The Sociocultural Approach

41
Q

What is the Nervous System

A

the body’s electrochemical
communication circuitry

42
Q

What are Characteristics of the Nervous System

A

Complexity.
* Integration.
* Adaptability, or plasticity—the brain’s special capacity
for change.
* Electrochemical transmission

43
Q

What do Afferent nerves, or sensory nerves do?

A

carry information
from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

44
Q

What do Efferent nerves, or motor nerves do?

A

carry information out of
the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body.

45
Q

What are Neural networks?

A

networks of nerve cells that
integrate sensory input and motor output

46
Q

What is the Central nervous system (CNS)

A

The brain and
spinal cord.

47
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The network of
nerves that connects the brain and spinal cord to
other parts of the body.

48
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into how many parts?

A

Two

49
Q

What is the Somatic nervous system?

A

The sensory nerves that
convey information from the skin and muscles to the
central nervous system

50
Q

What is the Autonomic nervous system?

A

Takes messages to and
from the body’s internal organs and monitors body
processes.

51
Q

The autonomic nervous system is divided into how many parts?

A

Two

52
Q

What is the Sympathetic nervous system?

A

arouses the body to
mobilize it for action and thus is involved in the experience
of stress

53
Q

What is the Parasympathetic nervous system?

A

calms the body

54
Q

Witch neurons carry information to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory

Afferent

55
Q

Which identifies the body’s electrochemical communication circuitry?

A

nervous system

56
Q

What neurons carry information to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory

Afferent

57
Q

What nervous system contains sensory nerves whose function is to carry information from the skin and muscles to the CNS regarding pain and temperature.

A

somatic

58
Q

When a neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by the axon that has released it to await the next neural impulse, the process is referred to as

A

Reuptake

59
Q

The all-or-nothing principle maintains that once the electrical impulse reaches a _____, the impulse will fire.

A

threshold

60
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved with the action of muscles, learning, and memory

A

Acetylcholine

61
Q

Which statements are true regarding GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?

A

Low levels are linked to anxiety.

It is important in the brain because it keeps many neurons from firing.

It is believed to be the neurotransmitter in as many as one-third of the brain’s synapses.

62
Q

The complex interaction of neurons working together to integrate and organize incoming and outgoing information is referred to as a neural

A

Network

63
Q

Positron-emission tomography (PET scan) identifies levels of activity throughout the brain by measuring levels of:

A

Glucose.

64
Q

Which of the following structures are located in the hindbrain?

A

cerebellum

pons

medulla

65
Q

What is a hindbrain and midbrain structure that connects to the spinal cord and regulates basic survival functions

A

Brain Stem

66
Q

A network of structures under the cerebral cortex, behaviors it controls memory and emotion

A

limbic system

67
Q

a structure that sits on top of the brain stem, in the central core of the brain, The thalamus acts as a relay station for information. responsible for sorting information and relaying it to appropriate areas in the forebrain for further integration and interpretation?

A

thalamus

68
Q

a cluster of neurons that sits below the cerebral cortex and atop the thalamus

A

basal ganglia

69
Q

a small structure just below the thalamus, connects the endocrine system and the nervous system?

A

hypothalamus

70
Q

the outer layer of the brain, The cerebral cortex is part of the forebrain.

A

cerebral cortex

71
Q

What is is part of the limbic system and has a special role in the storage of memories.

A

hippocampus

72
Q

Which of the following structures are part of the forebrain?

A

limbic system

cerebral cortex

thalamus

73
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for thinking and planning

A

cerebral cortex

74
Q

What percentage of the human brain’s cortex is attributed to the neocortex?

A

80%

75
Q

Which brain area is most associated with intense emotions such as fear and rage, and is an almond-shaped structure near the base of the brain.

A

amygdala

76
Q

What is the neocortex

A

is the outer layer of the cerebral cortex, which is the highly developed, convoluted outer surface of the brain. It is a part of the forebrain and is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions, sensory perception, and motor control in mammals.

77
Q

The four lobes of the brain are the?

A

occipital

parietal

frontal

temporal

78
Q

The brain is divided into left and right

A

hemispheres

79
Q

What is Broca’s

A

An area is a region in the left hemisphere of the brain that is involved in the control of speech. People with damage in this part of the brain have problems saying words correctly

80
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s area in the brain?

A

Wernicke’s area, also known as the posterior superior temporal gyrus, is a region in the left hemisphere of the brain that is associated with language comprehension and the understanding of spoken and written language.

81
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for communication between the two hemispheres? is a large bundle of axons connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain

A

corpus callosum

82
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

system that is a set of glands that regulates the activities of certain organs by releasing chemical products into the bloodstream.

83
Q

integration is

A

is referred to as the of function in the brain.

84
Q

Collateral sprouting, substitution of function, and neurogenesis are examples of brain

A

plasticity

85
Q

What is an experimental procedure involving the implantation of healthy tissue into damaged regions of the brain

A

Graft

86
Q

The nucleus of each human cell contains 46 what?

A

chromosomes

87
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

a technique in which two specific organisms are chosen for reproduction to see what traits their offspring display.

88
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

Complex human characteristics, such as personality, determined by multiple genes. principle of genetics

89
Q

Reflexes, which are automatic and involuntary, use the what to transmit information back through interneurons to control muscle fibers.

A

Spinal Cord

PSCY- 1110 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions