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Hearing Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

acceleration

A

the change of velocity over time

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2
Q

instantaneous velocity

A

the velocity of a body at a particular moment in time

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3
Q

velocity

A

amount of displacement over time

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4
Q

inertia

A

the property of mass to continue doing what it is already doing

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5
Q

force

A

the “outside influence” that makes a stationary object move, or causes a moving object to change speed or direction

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6
Q

net/resultant force

A

the “bottom line” effect of all the forces that act upon an object

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7
Q

equilibrium

A

the situation in which net force is zero

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8
Q

elasticity

A

property whereby a deformed object returns to its original form

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9
Q

restoring force

A

the force that opposes the deformation of an elastic or springlike material

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10
Q

work

A

occurs when the force applied to a body results in its displacement

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11
Q

energy

A

the capability to do work

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12
Q

potential energy

A

the energy of a body at rest

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13
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy of an object that is in motion

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14
Q

power

A

the rate at which work is done

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15
Q

intensity

A

develops when power is distributed over area

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16
Q

inverse square law

A

intensity decreases with increasing distance from a sound source

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17
Q

damping

A

the dying out of vibrations over time

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18
Q

wave-form

A

a graph that shows displacement as a function of time

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19
Q

rarefaction

A

the state of lower than ambient pressure. the air pressure is below atmospheric pressure (negative pressure)

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20
Q

pure-tones

A

sounds that are associated with simple harmonic motion

21
Q

transverse waves

A

particles move at right angles to the direction that the wave is propagating (moving up and down)

22
Q

longitudinal waves

A

each air particle oscillates in the same direction in which the wave is propagating

23
Q

period

A

the duration of one cycle (expressed in time t)

24
Q

frequency

A

the number of times a waveform repeats itself in one second (expressed in hertz)

25
Q

peak amplitude

A

the distance from the baseline to one peak

26
Q

wavelength

A

the distance covered by one cycle of a propagating wave. the distance from crest of one wave to the crest of the next one

27
Q

complex periodic waves

A

complex waves that have waveforms that repeat themselves over time

28
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency component of a complex periodic wave

29
Q

harmonics

A

whole number or integral multiples of the fundamental frequency

30
Q

Fourier’s theorem

A

complex sounds can be mathematically dissected into their constituent pure-tone components

31
Q

aperiodic sounds

A

made up of components that are not harmonically related and have waveforms that don’t repeat themselves over time

32
Q

transient

A

an abrupt sound that is extremely brief in duration (aperiodic because waveform is not repeated)

33
Q

random noise (white)

A

has a completely random waveform so that it contains all possible frequencies at the same average amplitude over a long run

34
Q

continuous spectrum

A

used for aperiodic sounds, where a continuous line is drawn over the tops

35
Q

natural/resonant frequency

A

the frequency at which a body or medium vibrates most readily in FORCED vibration

36
Q

nodes

A

places along the string where there is zero displacement in the standing wave pattern

37
Q

antinodes

A

locations where maximum displacement occurs in the standing wave pattern

38
Q

first mode of vibration

A

the longest standing wave pattern

39
Q

immittance

A

general term used to describe how well energy flows through a system

40
Q

impedance

A

the opposition to the energy flow (ohms)

41
Q

admittance

A

the ease with which energy flows through a system

mhos

42
Q

Newton’s First law of motion

A

Object in motion continues in motion and object at rest continues at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

43
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Restoring force increases with displacement

44
Q

Phase

A

Describes where you are in a wave

45
Q

Free vibration

A

Vibration after the driving force has been removed

Child swinging without being pushed

46
Q

Forced vibration

A

Vibration while the driving force is still being applied

47
Q

natural frequency

A

frequency at which something vibrates in FREE vibration

48
Q

resonator

A

something being caused to vibrate by something else

Hearing Science (2 decks)

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