Chapter 1

Question 1

acceleration

Answer 1

the change of velocity over time

Question 2

instantaneous velocity

Answer 2

the velocity of a body at a particular moment in time

Question 3

velocity

Answer 3

amount of displacement over time

Question 4

inertia

Answer 4

the property of mass to continue doing what it is already doing

Question 5

force

Answer 5

the “outside influence” that makes a stationary object move, or causes a moving object to change speed or direction

Question 6

net/resultant force

Answer 6

the “bottom line” effect of all the forces that act upon an object

Question 7

equilibrium

Answer 7

the situation in which net force is zero

Question 8

elasticity

Answer 8

property whereby a deformed object returns to its original form

Question 9

restoring force

Answer 9

the force that opposes the deformation of an elastic or springlike material

Question 10

work

Answer 10

occurs when the force applied to a body results in its displacement

Question 11

energy

Answer 11

the capability to do work

Question 12

potential energy

Answer 12

the energy of a body at rest

Question 13

kinetic energy

Answer 13

the energy of an object that is in motion

Question 14

power

Answer 14

the rate at which work is done

Question 15

intensity

Answer 15

develops when power is distributed over area

Question 16

inverse square law

Answer 16

intensity decreases with increasing distance from a sound source

Question 17

damping

Answer 17

the dying out of vibrations over time

Question 18

wave-form

Answer 18

a graph that shows displacement as a function of time

Question 19

rarefaction

Answer 19

the state of lower than ambient pressure. the air pressure is below atmospheric pressure (negative pressure)

Question 20

pure-tones

Answer 20

sounds that are associated with simple harmonic motion

Question 21

transverse waves

Answer 21

particles move at right angles to the direction that the wave is propagating (moving up and down)

Question 22

longitudinal waves

Answer 22

each air particle oscillates in the same direction in which the wave is propagating

Question 23

period

Answer 23

the duration of one cycle (expressed in time t)

Question 24

frequency

Answer 24

the number of times a waveform repeats itself in one second (expressed in hertz)

Question 25

peak amplitude

Answer 25

the distance from the baseline to one peak

Question 26

wavelength

Answer 26

the distance covered by one cycle of a propagating wave. the distance from crest of one wave to the crest of the next one

Question 27

complex periodic waves

Answer 27

complex waves that have waveforms that repeat themselves over time

Question 28

fundamental frequency

Answer 28

the lowest frequency component of a complex periodic wave

Question 29

harmonics

Answer 29

whole number or integral multiples of the fundamental frequency

Question 30

Fourier's theorem

Answer 30

complex sounds can be mathematically dissected into their constituent pure-tone components

Question 31

aperiodic sounds

Answer 31

made up of components that are not harmonically related and have waveforms that don't repeat themselves over time

Question 32

transient

Answer 32

an abrupt sound that is extremely brief in duration (aperiodic because waveform is not repeated)

Question 33

random noise (white)

Answer 33

has a completely random waveform so that it contains all possible frequencies at the same average amplitude over a long run

Question 34

continuous spectrum

Answer 34

used for aperiodic sounds, where a continuous line is drawn over the tops

Question 35

natural/resonant frequency

Answer 35

the frequency at which a body or medium vibrates most readily in FORCED vibration

Question 36

nodes

Answer 36

places along the string where there is zero displacement in the standing wave pattern

Question 37

antinodes

Answer 37

locations where maximum displacement occurs in the standing wave pattern

Question 38

first mode of vibration

Answer 38

the longest standing wave pattern

Question 39

immittance

Answer 39

general term used to describe how well energy flows through a system

Question 40

impedance

Answer 40

the opposition to the energy flow (ohms)

Question 41

admittance

Answer 41

the ease with which energy flows through a system | mhos

Question 42

Newton's First law of motion

Answer 42

Object in motion continues in motion and object at rest continues at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

Question 43

Hooke's Law

Answer 43

Restoring force increases with displacement

Question 44

Phase

Answer 44

Describes where you are in a wave

Question 45

Free vibration

Answer 45

Vibration after the driving force has been removed | Child swinging without being pushed

Question 46

Forced vibration

Answer 46

Vibration while the driving force is still being applied

Question 47

natural frequency

Answer 47

frequency at which something vibrates in FREE vibration

Question 48

resonator

Answer 48

something being caused to vibrate by something else