Chapter 1 Flashcards
Fundamental Techniques in Handling Peoples
On May 7, 1931, the most sensational manhunt New York City had ever known had come to its climax.
/senˈseɪʃənl/
causing great suprise, excitement, or interest
trying to get your interest by presenting facts or events as worse or more shocking than they really are
inf. extremely good; wonderful
One hundred and fifty policemen and detectives laid siege to his top-floor hideaway.
lay siege to something
to begin a siege of a town, building, etc.
to surround a building, especially in order to speak to or question the person or people living or working there
They chopped holes in the roof; they tried to smoke out Crowley, the “cop killer,” with teargas (=gas that hurts eys)
to force somebody/something to come out of a place by filling it with smoke
to take action to discover where somebody is hiding or to make a secret publicly known
Then they mounted their machine guns on surrounding buildings, and for more than an hour
to organize and begin something
synonym arrange
to increase gradually
to get on a bicycle, horse, etc. in order to ride it
to go up something, or up on to something that is raised (=climb on the step)
to fix something into position on something, so that you can use it, look at it or study it
mount something to get onto the back of a female animal in order to have sex
New York’s fine residential areas reverberated with the crack of pistol fire and the rut-tat-tat of machine guns.
rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt
to be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surfaces
reverberate (with/to something) (of a place) to seem to shake because of a loud noise
Crowley, crouching behind an over-stuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police
to put your body close to the ground by bending your legs under you
(=squat)
Crowley, crouching behind an over-stuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police
ɪnˈsesntli
without stopping
(=constantly)
Police Commissioner E. P. Mulrooney declared that the two-gun desperado was one of the most dangerous criminals ever encountered in the history of New York.
despəˈrɑːdəʊ
a man who does dangerous and criminal things without caring about himself or other people
But how did “Two Gun” Crowley regard himself?
to think about somebody/something in a particular way
to look at somebody/something, especially in a particular way
In this letter Crowley said, “Under my coat is a weary heart, but a kind one—one that would do nobody any harm.”
ˈwɪri
very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing something for a long time
making you feel tired or bored
weary of something/of doing something (formal) no longer interested in or enthusiastic about something
Crowley drew his gun and cut the policeman down with a shower of lead (a situation where many bullets fall)
take out the weapon
Crowley leaped out of the car, grabbed the officer’s revolver, and fired another bullet into the prostrate body
ˈprɑːstreɪt
so shocked, upset, etc. that you cannot do anything
(=Prostrate in grief)
lying on the ground and facing downwards
America’s most notorious Public Enemy—the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago
/nəʊˈtɔːriəs
well known for being bad
America’s most notorious Public Enemy—the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago
‘sɪnɪstər
seeming evil or dangerous; making you think something bad will happen
America’s most notorious Public Enemy—the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago
squarrel
Dutch Schultz - one of US ‘s most notorious rats before he crumpled up under gangster bullets in Newark
crumple (up) to suddenly fall down with no control of your body because you are injured, unconscious, drunk, etc.
an unpleasant person, especially somebody who treats their partner or friends badly, for example by leaving them or cheating them
Most of them attempt by a form of reasoning, fallacious or logical, to justify their anti-social acts even to themselves, consequently stoutly maintaining that they should never have been imprisoned at all.”
/fəˈleɪʃəs/
wrong, based on wrong ideas
I have enough trouble overcoming my own limitations without fretting over the fact that God has not **seen fit **to distribute evenly the gift of intelligence.
to be worried, unhappy or not able to feel relax
to think it is good or necessary to do something
I personally had to blunder through this old world for a third of a century before it even began to dawn upon me that ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.
Loay hoay/ To move in an awkward way
to make a serious mistake due to carelessness
Dawn on/upon: start to realize it for the first time
Verb: to begin/ to be obvious or easy to understand
Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself
ˈfjuːtl
having no purpose because there is no chance of success
Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself
/ˈdʒʌs.tə.faɪ/
to give or to be a good reason for
justify yourself -> give good reason for what you have done
Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment
ˈpreʃəs
rare and worth a lot of money
valuable or important and not to be wasted
loved and valued very much
[only before noun] (informal) used to show you are angry that another person thinks something is very important
(disapproving) (especially of people and their behaviour) very formal, exaggerated and not natural in what you say and do
Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance and arouses resentment
resentment (towards/against somebody) a feeling of anger or unhappiness about something that you think is unfair
a feeling of anger or unhappiness about something that you think is unfair
As much as we thirst for approval, we dread condemnation.
to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen
an expression of very strong disapproval
The resentment that criticism engenders can demoralize employees, family members and friends, and still not correct the situation that has been condemned.
ɪnˈdʒendər
engender something to make a feeling or situation exist
The resentment that criticism engenders can demoralize employees, family members and friends, and still not correct the situation that has been condemned.
dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪz
to make somebody lose confidence or hope
As a result he would get sullen acceptance, and often after he left, the workers would remove the hats.
ˈsʌl.ən
angry or unwilling to smile or be pleasant to people
When he returned, he exploded. He denounced Taft for his conservatism
dɪˈnaʊns
to strongly criticize somebody/something that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.
to tell the police, the authorities, etc. about somebody’s illegal political activities
The most disastrous defeat the party had ever known
dɪˈzæstrəs
very bad, harmful or unsuccessful
Theodore Roosevelt blamed Taft, but did President Taft blame himself?
bleim
to say or think that somebody or something is responsible for something bad
Take the Teapot Dome oil scandal. It kept the newspapers ringing with indignation in the early 1920s. It rocked the nation!
If a person or place is rocked, it is surprised, upset, or excited
rock: [ I ] She’s such a great role model for young women – she really rocks!
to be extremely good:
Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior in Harding’s cabinet, was entrusted with the leasing of government oil reserves at Elk Hill and Teapot Dome
ɪnˈtrʌst
to make somebody responsible for doing something or taking care of somebody
Did secretary Fall permit competitive bidding?
the act of offering prices, especially at an auction
the act of offering to do something or to provide something for a particular price
He handed the fat, juicy contract outright to his friend Edward L. Doheny
ˈaʊtraɪt
Clearly and completely
in a direct way and without trying to hide anything
Then, in a high-handed manner, Secretary Fall ordered United States Marines into the district
(of people or their behaviour) using authority in an unreasonable way, without considering the opinions of other people
Then, in a high-handed manner, Secretary Fall ordered United States Marines into the district to drive off competitors
to force somebody/something to go back or away
to leave
competitors whose adjacent wells were sapping oils out of the Elk Hill Reserves
to make something/somebody weaker; to destroy something gradually
in the context, it means extract the oil
These competitors, driven off their ground at the ends of guns and bayonets, rushed into court—and **blew the lid off ** the Teapot Dome scandal.
to tell people unpleasant facts about something
A stench arose so vile that it ruined the Harding Administration, nauseated an entire nation, threatened to wreck the Republican party, and put Albert B. Fall behind prison bars.
stentʃ
a strong and unpleasant smell
A stench arose so vile that it ruined the Harding Administration, nauseated an entire nation, threatened to wreck the Republican party, and put Albert B. Fall behind prison bars.
vail
extremely bad or unpleasant
morally bad; completely unacceptable
Fall was condemned viciously—condemned as few men in public life have ever been
ˈvɪʃəsli
in a violent and cruel way
in a way that is full of hate and angry
Did he repent? Never
rɪˈpent
to feel and show that you are sorry for something bad or wrong that you have done
Years later Herbert Hoover intimated in a public speech that President Harding’s death had been due to mental anxiety and worry because a friend had betrayed him.
ˈɪntɪmeɪt
To let other people know what you think or mean
He is the one who has been betrayed and led to the slaughter and crucified
ˈslɔːtər
The killing of an animal for their meat
the cruel killing of large numbers of people at one time, especially in a war
He is the one who has been betrayed and led to the slaughter and crucified.
ˈkruːsɪfaɪ
to kill somebody as a punishment by fastening them to a wooden cross
to criticize or punish somebody very severely
Lincoln’s long body lay stretched diagonally across a sagging bed that was too short for him
/daɪˈæɡənəli/
at an angle; in a way that joins two opposite sides of something at an angle
So when you and I are tempted to criticize someone tomorrow
to think that it would be pleasant, interesting to do something
A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flickered yellow light.
/ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃn/
the act or process of producing babies, young animals or plants
the act or process of producing copy of a book, document, picture, etc
A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flickered yellow light.
ˈdɪzməl
causing or showing the feeling of being sad (weather)
not successful; of very low quality
A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flickered yellow light.
ˈflɪkər
to keep going on and off as it shines or burns
to be expressed or appear somewhere for a short time
As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, “There lies the most perfect ruler of men that the world has ever seen.”
a person who rules or governs
Even after Lincoln had become a practicing lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, he attacked his opponents openly in letters published in the newspapers. But he did this just once too often.
to repeat a bad, stupid, or dangerous action with the result that you get punished or cause trouble for yourself
In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lambasted him through an anonymous letter published in Springfield Journal
that does not produce the result you want
(disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities, or achievement
In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lambasted him through an anonymous letter published in Springfield Journal
pʌɡˈneɪʃəs
having a strong desire to argue or fight with other people
In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lambasted him through an anonymous letter published in Springfield Journal
læmˈbæst
to attack or critize somebody or something severely, espcially in public
Take the Teapot Dome oil scandal, it kept the newspapers ringing with indignation in the early 1920s
ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃn
a feeling of anger and surprise caused by something that you think is unfair and unreasonable
He found out who wrote the letter, leaped on his horse, started after Lincoln, and challenged him to fight a duel.
ˈduːəl
(in the past) a formal fight with weapons between 2 people who disagreed, especially over the matter of honor
a competition or struggle between 2 people or group
He was opposed to dueling, but he couldn’t get out of it and save his honor
əˈpəʊzd
(of a person) disagreeing strongly with something and trying to stop it
(idea, opinion) very different from something
That was the most lurid personal incident in Lincoln’s life
ˈlʊrɪd
shocking because involving violence or sex
a too bright colour
McClellan, Pope, Burnside, Hooker, Meade—blundered tragically and drove Lincoln to pacing the floor in despair.
to force someone or something into a particular state, usually a bad or unpleasant one:
to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angry
“with malice toward none, with charity for all,” held his peace
‘mælɪs
a desire to harm somebody caused by a feeling of hate
Held his peace: keep your silent (but you choose to keep silent rather than speak it out)
And when Mrs. Lincoln and others spoke harshly of the southern people, Lincoln replied, “Don’t criticize them; they are just what we would be under similar circumstances.”
ˈhɑːrʃli
in a cruel, severe, and unkind way
in a way that is too strong and bright; in a way that is ugly or unpleasant to look at
in a way that is unpleasant to listen to
in a way that is too strong and rough and likely to damage something
During the night of July 4, Lee began to retreat southward while storm clouds deluged the country with rain.
ˈdeljuːdʒ
to send or give somebody/something a large number of things at the same time
Finally the waters receded and Lee escaped over the Potomac with his forces.
rɪˈsiːd
to move gradually away from somebody or away from previous position
[intransitive] (especially of a problem, feeling or quality) to become gradually weaker or smaller
And remember, at this period of his life Lincoln was extremely conservative and restrained in his phraseology.
ˌfreɪziˈɑːlədʒi
the particular way in which words and phrases are arranged when saying or writing something
And remember, at this period of his life Lincoln was extremely conservative and restrained in his phraseology.
rɪˈstreɪn
to stop somebody/something from doing something, especially by using physical force
to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing something that you would like to do
This letter coming from Lincoln in 1863 was tantamount to the severest rebuke.
ˈtæntəmaʊnt
having the same bad effect as something else
If he resigned it would be tantamount to admitting that he was guilty.
this letter coming from Lincoln in 1863 was tantamount to the severest rebuke.
rɪˈbjuːk
the act of speaking severly to somebody because they have done something wrong
I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape.
ˈmæɡnɪtuːd
the great size of importance of something; the degree to which something is large or importance
the degree to which something is bright
the size of an earthquake
I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape. He was
əˈpriːʃieɪt
to recognize the good qualities of somebody/something
to be grateful for something that somebody has done; to welcome something
Your support is greatly appreciated.
to understand that something is true
The experience helped me understand and appreciate some of the difficulties people face
to increase in value over a period of time
We wanted a property that would appreciate in value.
Just a minute. Maybe I ought not to be so hasty
ˈheɪsti
said, made or done very quickly, especially when this has bad results
hasty in doing something (of a person) acting or deciding too quickly, without enough thought
If I had Meade’s timid (shy and nervous; not brave) temperament, perhaps I would have done just what he had done
ˈtemprəmənt
the fact of tending to get emotional and excited very easily and behave in an unreasonable way
a person’s or an animal’s nature as shown in the way they behave or react to situations or people
Anyhow, it is water under the bridge now
problem that someone had had in the past that they do not worry about because they happened a long time ago and can not now be changed
It will arouse hard feelings, impair all his further usefulness as a commander, and perhaps force him to resign from the army.”
ɪmˈper
to damage something or make something worse
Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was confronted with a perplexing problem
kənˈfrʌnt
be confronted by/with something to have something in front of you that you have to deal with or react to
confront somebody with somebody/something to make somebody face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation
confront somebody to face somebody so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation
confront something to deal with a problem or difficult situation
confront somebody/something (of problems or a difficult situation) to appear and need to be dealt with by somebody
Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was confronted with a perplexing problem
pərˈpleksɪŋ
making you confused or worried because you do not understand something
The next time we are tempted to admonish somebody
ədˈmɑːnɪʃ
to tell somebody strongly and clearly that you do not approve of something that they have done
to strongly advise somebody to do something
he once wrote to a man who had aroused his ire: “The thing for you is a burial permit. You have only to speak and I will see that you get it.”
ˈaɪər
Anger
“The thing for you is a burial permit. You have only to speak and I will see that you get it.”
ˈberiəl
the act or ceremony of burying a dead body
He ordered, “Set the matter according to my copy hereafter and see that the proofreader retains his suggestions in the mush of his decayed brain
/rɪˈteɪn/
to keep something; to continue to have something
retain something to continue to hold or contain something
He ordered, “Set the matter according to my copy hereafter and see that the proofreader retains his suggestions in the mush of his decayed brain
to be destroyed gradually by natural processes; to destroy something in this way
if a building or an area decays, its condition slowly becomes worse
to become less powerful and lose influence over people, society, etc
The writing of these stinging letters made Mark Twain feel better.
stɪŋ
to make somebody feel angry or upset
(of an insect or plant) to touch your skin or make a very small hole in it so that you feel a sharp pain
Ex: a bee stings me
to feel, or to make somebody feel, a sharp pain in a part of their body
(informal) to charge somebody more money than they expected; to charge somebody who did not expect to pay
They allowed him to blow off steam, and the letters didn’t do any real harm, because Mark’s wife secretly lifted them out of the mail
release stress, anxiety
When I was still young and trying hard to impress people, I wrote a foolish letter to Richard Harding Davis, an author who once loomed large on the literary horizon of America
lu:m
to appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening way
(of something bad) to appear serious and likely to happen soon
A few weeks earlier, I had received a letter from someone with this notation at the bottom: “Dictated but not read.”
to say words for somebody else to write down or to be recorded
to control or influence how something happens
to tell somebody what to do, especially in an annoying way
He simply returned it to me with this scribbled across the bottom: “Your bad manners are exceeded only by your bad manners.”
ˈskrɪbl
to write something quickly and carelessly, especially because you do not have much time
to draw marks that do not mean anything
He simply returned it to me with this scribbled across the bottom: “Your bad manners are exceeded only by your bad manners.”
ɪkˈsiːd
to be greater than a particular number or amount
to do more than a law or an order et,. allow you to do
to be better than expected
exceed expectation
If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism, no matter how certain we are that it is justified.
to make people feel strong emotions
to try to cause arguements or problems
If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism, no matter how certain we are that it is justified.
ˈræŋkl
if something such as an event or a remark rankles, it makes you feel angry or upset for a long time
If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism, no matter how certain we are that it is justified.
ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd
having a good reason to do something
existing or done for a good reason
When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures **bristling with **prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.
ˈbrɪsl
to contain a large number of something
to suddenly become very annoyed or offended at what somebody says or does
(of an animal’s fur) to stand up on the back and neck because the animal is frightened or angry
When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.
ˈvænəti
excessive pride in or admiration of one’s own appearance, achievements, or qualities.
Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France.
ˈtæktləs | ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk
saying or doing things that are likely to annoy or to upset other people
having or showing skills in dealing with people in difficult situation
connected with managing relations between countries
By deft maneuvering he managed to land the plane, but it was badly damaged although nobody was hurt.
deft
(of a person’s movements) quick and showing skill
Clever and showing skill
By deft maneuvering he managed to land the plane, but it was badly damaged although nobody was hurt.
məˈnuːvərɪŋ
ways of achieving your aims that are clever, show skill and are often dishonest
Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France.
/əˈdrɔɪt
clever and showing skill
The secret of his success? “I will **speak ill of **no man,” he said, “and speak all the good I know of everybody.”
to say unkind things about someone:
The young man was sick with the agony of his mistakes
ˈæɡəni
extreme physical or mental pain
sick (and tired) of someone/something
to have experienced too much of someone or something with the result that you are annoyed
the blond curls stickily wet on your damp forehead
dæmp
slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant
a stifling wave of remorse swept over me
ˈstaɪflɪŋ/
making you feel unable to breathe, because it is too hot and/or there is no fresh air
making you feel trapped and unable to do or say what you want
a stifling wave of remorse swept over me
/rɪˈmɔːrs
the feeling of being extremely sorry for something wrong or bad that you have done
I have stolen into your room alone
To steal is also to do something quickly while trying not to be seen doing it:
I have been cross to you
to annoy someone by not doing or saying what they want:
I scolded you as you were dressing for school because you gave your face merely a dab with a towel
to touch something slightly, usually several times
to put something on a surface with quick movements
Ex: She dabbed a little perfume behind her ears.
I ** took you to task ** for not cleaning your shoes
To criticise or speak angrily to someone for something that they have done wrong
You gulped down your food
gulp something (down) to swallow large amounts of food or drink quickly
to swallow, but without eating or drinking something, especially because of a strong emotion such as fear or surprise
Ex: Do you know where she is?’ asked Chris. The man gulped nervously and nodded.
I humiliated you before your boyfriends by marching you ahead of me to the house
hjuːˈmɪlieɪt
to make somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people
Do you remember, later, when I was reading in the library, how you came in timidly, with a sort of hurt look in your eyes?
in a shy and nervous way
You said nothing, but ran across in one tempestuous plunge
temˈpestʃuəs
full of extreme emotions
caused by or affected by a violent storm
to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something:
to become lower in value or level very suddenly and quickly:
an affection that God had set blooming in your heart and which even neglect could not wither.
ˈwɪðər
if a plant withers or something withers it, it dries up and dies
wither (away) to become less or weaker, especially before disappearing completely
And then you were gone, pattering up the stairs.
the sound that is made by something repeatedly hitting a surface quickly and lightly
fast continuous talk by somebody who is trying to sell you something or entertain you
What has habit been doing to me? The habit of finding fault, of reprimanding—this was my reward to you for being a boy
ˈreprɪmænd
the act of telling somebody officially that you do not approve of them or their actions
I was measuring you by the yardstick of my own years.
jɑːrdstɪk
a ruler for measuring one yard
a standard used for judging how good or successful something is
It is a feeble atonement; I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours
ˈfiːbl
very weak
not effective, not showing energy or effort
It is a feeble atonement; I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours
əˈtəʊnmənt
the act of showing you are sorry for something wrong in the past
But tomorrow I will be a real daddy, I will chum with you
establish the a friendship
I will keep saying as if it were ritual: “He is nothing but a boy - a little boy”
a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony
something that is done regularly and always in the same way
Yet as I see you now, son, crumpled and weary in your cot, I see that you are still a baby
very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing something for a long time
making you feel tired or bored
(formal) no longer interested in or enthusiastic about something
cot = small bed for a baby
