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Anatomy - PCC > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A
  • study of structure (form/makeup)
  • “ana” and “tome” Greek means “to cut apart”
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2
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A
  • Histology
  • examines structures that cannot be viewed by the unaided eye
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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A
  • also called macroscopic anatomy
  • investigates the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye
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4
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them

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5
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Examines all structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit

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6
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

studies the gross anatomy of each system in the body

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7
Q

Functional Morphology

A
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8
Q

Embryology

A

studies developmental changes occurring prior to birth

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9
Q

Pathology

A

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

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10
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues

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11
Q

Dissection

A
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12
Q

Homeostasis

A
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13
Q

Tissue

A

precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions

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14
Q

Organ

A

contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

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15
Q

Organ System

A

consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function

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16
Q

Organism

A

single living human - all body systems function interdependently inside

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

homeostasis -
growth -

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18
Q

Homeostasis

A
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19
Q

Reproduction

A
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20
Q

Irritability

A
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21
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing upright with feet parallel & flat on the floor, head level eyes looking forward, arms at sides with palms facing forward

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22
Q

Cranial-Caudal

A

vs. Superior Inferior (anatomical position vs. not)
not anatomical position (animal example):
- cranial = toward the head
- caudal = toward the tail

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23
Q

Superior-Inferior

A

vs. Cranial-Caudal
anatomical position:
- superior = toward the head
- inferior = toward the feet

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24
Q

Ventral-Dorsal

A

vs. Anterior-Posterior
not anatomical (animal)
- ventral = belly surface
- dorsal = back (spine) surface

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25
Anterior-Posterior
vs. Ventral-Dorsal anatomical: - anterior = front (belly) - posterior = back (spine)
26
Medial-Lateral
- medial = toward middle - lateral = away from middle, towards sides
27
Superficial-Deep
- superficial = on the outside - deep = on the inside, underneith
28
Parietal-Visceral
29
Proximal-Distal
- proximal = nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk - distal = farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk ex. Shoulder is proximal, hand is distal
30
Ipsilateral-Contralateral
31
Middle vs. Intermediate vs. Medial
32
Longitudinal Sections
- Sagital Plane (Midsagittal, Parasagittal) - Frontal (coronal)
33
Sagittal Plane
- divides the body/organ into left & right, but might not be equal sides (not cut directly in the middle, but still vertical cut)
34
Transverse Section ("cross section")
- cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body/organ - cuts into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
35
Oblique Section
pass through the specimen at an angle
36
Adjectives vs. Nouns
- adjectives often follow the noun in a name
37
Axial Region
- includes the head, neck & trunk - Cephalic Region = head - Dorsal Torso = back - Ventral Torso = - Perineal = diamond shaped region between thighs, contains anus & external reproductive organs
38
Cranial vs. Facial
- Occipital = back of head - Otic = - Frontal = forehead - Orbital = eye - Nasal = nose - Oral = mouth - Buccal = cheek - Lingual = tongue - Mental = chin
39
Dorsal Torso
- Scapular = shoulder blade - Vertebral = spine - Gluteal = buttock
40
Vertebral
- Cervical = neck - Thoracic = upper spine - Lumbar = lower spine - Sacral = lowest spine - Caudal (tail)
41
Ventral Torso
- Thoracic - Abdominal (9 regions) - Pelvic - Inguinal - Pubic
42
Thoracic
- Sternal = sternum - Pectoral = chest - Mammory = breast
43
Abdominal (9 regions)
- Umbilical = middle - Epigastric = upper middle - Hypogastric = lower middle - Hypochondriac = left/right upper - Lumbar = left/right middle - Illiac/inguinal = left/right lower
44
Appendicular Region
- Forelimb - Hindlimb
45
Forelimb
- Deltoid/Acromial = shoulder - Axillary = armpit - Brachial = arm - Cubital (elbow region in general) - Antecubital (front elbow only) - Olecranal (posterior cubital) - Antebrachial = forearm - Carpal = writst - Manus/manual region (hand) - Metacarpal = finger - Palmar (anterior metacarpal region) - Phalangeal (or digital) - Pollex (thumb, digit 1)
46
Hindlimb
- Coxal = hip - Inguinal = groin - Femoral = thigh - Patellar = kneecap - Popliteal = back of knee - Crural = leg - Sural (posterior crural) = calf - Peroneal/fibular (lateral crural) = outside of leg - Tarsal = ankle - Pes/pedal region (foot) - Calcaneal = heel - Metatarsal = toe - Planter (central metatarsal region) = sole of foot - Phalangeal (or digital) - Hallux (great toe)
47
Body Cavities
- Dorsal (spinal, cranial) - Ventral (thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic) - Thoracic
48
Dorsal Cavity
- Spinal - Cranial
49
Ventral Cavity
- Thoracic - Diaphragm - Abdominal - Pelvic
50
Thoracic Cavity
- Mediastinum - Pericardial - Pleural
51
Membranes
1. Cell (plasma) membrane 2. General term for a divider 3. Simplest organ = 2 tissues
52
3 Membrane Types
- Serous membrane (serosa) - Mucous membrane (mucosa) - Cutaneous membrane
53
Serous membrane types
- Pericardium (pericardia) - Plura (plurae) - Peritoneum (peritonea)
54
11 Organ Systems
1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive
55
Midsaggital Plane
- median plane - cuts through body/organ vertically, dividing into left and right sides
56
Cervical
Neck
57
Deltoid
Shoulder
58
Brachial
Arm
59
Antecubital
Front of elbow
60
Olecranal
elbow
61
Antebrachial
Forearm
62
Carpal
wrist
63
Manus
hand
64
Palmar
palm
65
Digital
finger
66
Cephalic Region
head
67
Frontal
forehead
68
Orbital
eye
69
Nasal
nose
70
Buccal
cheek
71
Oral
mouth
72
Mental
chin
73
Thoracic Region
- part of the torso superior (above) diaphragm - contains pectoral, axillary and sternal regions
74
Axillary
armpit
75
Mammary
breast
76
Pectoral
chect
77
Sternal
sternum
78
Coxal
hip
79
Inguinal
groin
80
Femoral
thigh
81
Patellar
kneecap
82
Popliteal
posterior of knee
83
Crural
leg
84
Sural
calf
85
Tarsal
ankle
86
Calcaneal
heel
87
Plantar surface
sole of foot
88
Pes
foot
89
Cephalic
Head
90
Cranial
surrounding the brain
91
Occipital
back of head
92
Auricular
ear
93
Lumbar
lower back
94
Gluteal
buttock
95

Anatomy - PCC (6 decks)

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