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Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

2) Define anatomical position 3) Understand directional terminology and sectioning (transverse, frontal, coronal etc) and know how to use the terms (examples in lab manual and lectures) 4) Identify major organs and what body cavities they reside in 5) Understand serous membranes, serous cavities, what they do and the names of the layers. What organs to they surround and what are the specific names for each?

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of body structures and their physical relationships

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2
Q

gross vs microscopic

A

visible to unaided eye vs need magnification to see

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3
Q

anatomical terminology

A

provides standard nomenclature worldwide

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4
Q

light microscopy

A

uses visible light through thin section of tissue

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5
Q

total magnification

A

objective (lens on revolving nosepiece) x ocular (lens in eye piece)

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6
Q

levels of organization

A

chemical/molecular - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organism

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7
Q

integumentary system

A

hair, skin (cutaneous membrane), nails
- protects against environmental hazards, controls temperatures

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8
Q

skeletal system

A

supports and protects soft tissues, stores minerals, forms blood
- bones, cartilages, joints, ligaments, bone marrow

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9
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

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10
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

supporting bones (pelvic and shoulder girdle), upper limb bones, lower limb bones

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11
Q

muscular system

A

axial and appendicular muscles, tendons
- produces movement, provides support, generates heat

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12
Q

nervous system

A

central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral nervous system (links CNS with other systems)
- directs immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems

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13
Q

endocrine system

A

glands, pancreas, thymus, ovaries and testis
- directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems

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14
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases (and blood and blood vessels)
- heart, blood, blood vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries

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15
Q

lymphatic system

A

thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessel
- defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

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16
Q

respiratory system

A

nasal cavity, sinus, pharynx (back of throat), larynx (vocal chords), bronchi, lung, diaphragm
- delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs between the air and circulating blood; produces sound (O2 -> CO2)

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17
Q

digestive system

A

oral cavity, salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
- processes and digests food, absorbs nutrients, stores energy reserves

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18
Q

urinary system

A

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
- eliminates excess water, salts, and wastes; controls pH; regulates blood pressure

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19
Q

reproductive system

A

mammary gland, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina, external genitalia
- produces sex cells and hormones; supports embryonic development from fertilization to birth
prostate, seminal gland, ductus deferens, urethra, epididymis, testis, penis, scrotum
- produces sex cells and hormones

20
Q

standard anatomical position

A
  • standing up
  • hands at sides
  • palms facing forward
  • feet together and facing forward
  • eyes facing forward
21
Q

supine

A

lying down, face up in anatomical position

22
Q

prone

A

lying face down in anatomical position

23
Q

abdominopelvic divisions

A

four abdomninopelvic quadrants
- formed by imaginary perpendicular lines that intersect at the umbilicus

24
Q

Right upper quadrant RUQ

A

right lobe of liver (majority), gallbladder, right kidney, pancreas (small portion) portions of stomach, small and large intestine (majority)

25
Q

left upper quadrant LUQ

A

left lobe of liver (small portion), spleen, stomach (majority), pancreas (majority), left kidney, small (majority) and large intestine

26
Q

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

large and small intestine, appendix, bladder

27
Q

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

large and small intestine, bladder

28
Q

posterior / anterior

A

dorsal / ventral

29
Q

superior / inferior

A

cranial or cephalic / caudal

30
Q

same side / different side

A

ipsilateral / contralateral

31
Q

frontal or coronal plane

A

divides anterior from posterior

32
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides right from left (midsagittal and parasagittal)

33
Q

transverse or horizontal plane

A

divides superior from inferior
- also called cross section

34
Q

deep vs superficial

A

internal vs external

35
Q

body cavities (coeloms)

A

many organs within the interior of the body are suspended in closed, fluid-filled chambers
- provide protection and allow organ movement; lining prevents friction

36
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

surrounded by bone
- cranial cavity (contains brain)
- vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord)

37
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains heart and lungs
- surrounded by the chest wall and diaphragm

38
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains digestive viscera

39
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

40
Q

viscera

A

soft internal organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

41
Q

serous cavities

A

cavities lined by a serous membrane
- protects delicate organs
- permits movement of changes in size, shape of organs, and prevents friction

42
Q

serous membrane

A

lines cavities that are closed to the exterior
divided into two continuous layers
- parietal layer: lines the internal surface of the body wall
- visceral layer: covers the external surface of specific organs
both layers produce a small amount of serous fluid to protect against friction between moving organs (in pleural space/cavity)

43
Q

serous cavities

A

pericardial serous cavity (heart) - lubricates to allow beating

pleural cavity (lungs) - permits movement during breathing

peritoneal cavity (digestive upper pelvic cavity superior portion of bladder)

44
Q

serous membrane examples

A

pericardium: serous membrane that surrounds the heart
pleura: serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
peritoneum: serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs

45
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal cavity contains many digestive glands and organs – peritoneal serous cavity contains most digestive organs (kidneys and pancreas are retroperitoneal i.e. kidneys and pancreas)

and pelvic cavity

46
Q

thoracic cavity

A

left and right pleural cavities surrounding lungs

mediastinum contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels, also contains
- pericardial serous cavity

47
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central space between lungs, heart and esophagus and lymph nodes

Anatomy (6 decks)

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