chapter 1 Flashcards
Criteria for a psychological disorder
distress, disability/impairment, dysfunction, atypical, not normal responses
Psychological dysfunction
is a breakdown in a person’s thinking, emotions, or behaviors that makes it difficult to live their life
Mental health professionals
are trained to help people with mental health issues by providing support, guidance, and coping strategies.
Clinical description
is a concise description of a clinical concept that uses medical terminology to help people understand it
Etiology
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.
Supernatural tradition
beliefs in things that are beyond scientific explanation and are often associated with religion.
Mass hysteria
a social phenomenon where a group of people experience similar unexplained symptoms.
Hippocrates and Galen
physicians who contributed to the development of medicine. Hippocrates is known as the “Father of Medicine”, and Galen built on Hippocrates’ work
Humoral theory
a medical system that explained the human body’s composition and function. The theory states that the human body is made up of four humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. When these humors are balanced, a person is healthy, but an imbalance can lead to disability or disease
Hysteria
2.
an old-fashioned term for a disorder characterized by neurological symptoms often accompanied by exaggeratedly or inappropriately emotional behavior, originally attributed to disease or injury of the nervous system and later thought to be functional or psychological in origin.
John P. Grey
psychiatrist at the forefront of biological psychiatric theory during the 19th century
Development of biological treatments
have been developed over centuries, from smallpox inoculation to the use of monoclonal antibodies. The development of biological treatments involves genetically engineering cells, purifying the resulting biologic, and testing for quality and stability
DMS-5
the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders.
Moral therapy
a 19th century approach to treating mental illness that emphasized kindness, dignity, and respect. It was a reaction to the brutal conditions of asylums at the time
Psychoanalytic theory
the idea that all people have unconscious thoughts, memories, emotions, and desires, and that therapy should be used to access the mind’s repressed feelings and experiences.
Structure of the mind
the structure of the mind is composed of three parts: the id (primitive instincts), the ego (rational self), and the superego (moral conscience), which constantly interact to influence our behavior and personality; essentially, the id represents our desires, the ego manages reality, and the superego acts as our internal moral compass
Defense mechanisms
unconscious psychological behaviors people use to protect themselves from unpleasant emotions, thoughts, or experiences by distorting reality or avoiding confrontation with difficult situations, often stemming from psychoanalytic theory; common examples include denial, repression, projection, rationalization, and sublimation.
Psychosexual stages of development
The psychosexual stages of development, according to Sigmund Freud’s theory, are: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital; each stage focuses on a different erogenous zone of the body where pleasure is primarily derived during that developmental period
Later developments in psychoanalytic thought
Later developments in psychoanalytic thought significantly expanded on Freud’s original ideas by placing greater emphasis on early relationships, object relations, and the role of the ego,
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a type of talk therapy that helps people understand how their past experiences affect their present behavior. It involves talking with a therapist about your thoughts and feelings, and using techniques like dream analysis and free association.
Humanistic theory
a psychological theory that emphasizes self-actualization, free will, and personal experience.
The behavioral model
is a set of theories and techniques that analyze how people behave and make decisions. It can be applied to a variety of fields, including education, business, healthcare, and social work.
Integrative approach
combines different methods to treat a person as a whole, rather than focusing on a single system or theory. Integrative approaches can be used in health, therapy, and education
