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Rad Pathology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

A

CDC

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3
Q

their job is to monitor, tract and report trends in health and aging. These statically information is sent to the NCHS the National Center for Health Statistics Studying these trends help the public in general to get the information out to better improve their lives and healt

A

CDC

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4
Q

abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the body

A

Disease

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5
Q

origin and development of disease Sequence of events that leads from cause to structural and functional abnormalities and finally to manifestatio

A

Pathogenesis

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6
Q

Display of characteristic sign or symptoms of a disease (data) observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process

A

Manifestation

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7
Q

patients perception of a disease it is subjective (headache, stomach pain, this list is put under patient history)

A

Symptom

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8
Q

is an objective manifestation that can be detected by a physician during an exam (fever, rash, and swelling) listed on the physical examination

A

Signs

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9
Q

group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance they occur together

A

Syndrome

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10
Q

when a disease process, does not produce symptoms in the early stage

A

Asymptomatic

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11
Q

the study of the cause of a disease, the why and how (viruses, bacteria, trauma)

A

Etiology

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12
Q

acquired from or within the health care environment the need for proper infection control practices would help limit this type of acquired diseas

A

Nosocomial

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13
Q

this type of reaction are adverse responses that occur from the medical treatment themselves, Complications that arise from the medical practitioners (doctors, nurses, x-ray tech) it can be induced by attitude, treatment, or comments. It could such as a collapse lung from a line placement

A

Iatrogenic

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14
Q

a disease if unknown cause

A

Idiopathic

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15
Q

disease has a quick onset or lasting a relatively short period time

A

Acute

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16
Q

the opposite of acute it is a disease that presents slowly and over a long period of time

A

Chronic

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17
Q

name of the disease a patient is believed to have

A

Diagnosis

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18
Q

prediction of the course and the outcome of the disease, it can be based on both morbidity and mortality estimate

A

Prognosis

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19
Q

is the investigation of disease in large groups, the scientific study of the factors that influence the incidence, distribution and control of infectious diseases, the study of occurrence in human population. The incidence of a given disease refers to the number of new cases found in a given period of time

A

Epidemiology

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20
Q

decreasing normal body tissue, there could be changes in the tissue thickness, such as atrophy from limited us

A

. These type of diseases are classified as subtractive or destructive disease processes and require a decrease In the exposure technique

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21
Q

an increase in normal tissue density.

A

These are classified as additive or sclerotic disease processes and require an increase in exposure technique

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22
Q

number of deaths caused by a particular disease per number of people in the population

A

mortality rate

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23
Q

-incidence of illness in the population sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine (the frequency of disability with a population / number of people in the population

A

Morbidity Rate

24
Q

when a disease is highly prevalent to an area, it is an outbreak and rapid spread of a disease in a community, affecting many people at the same time

A

Epidemic

25
Q

Congenital and Hereditary
Inflammatory
Degenerative –retrogressive changes in the cell often leads to cell death
Metabolic
Traumatic
Neoplastic

A

Disease Classifications

26
Q

-disease present at birth either genetic or environmental, a congenital defect is not necessarily hereditary it can be acquired by infection, radiation, drugs (avoidance)

A

Congenital

27
Q

abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and are derived from ancestors’ ex. Hemophilia Maybe dominant (transmitted by a single gene from either parent)or recessive ( transmitted by both parents to child

A

Hereditary Diseases

28
Q

results from the body’s reaction to localized injurious agent. Ex.Pneumonia, allergic reaction can results from microorganism (viruses, bacteria, fungi)An invasion starts with capillary dilatation to allow fluids and leukocytes to infiltrate intothe damage area, cellular necrosis is common to acute inflammation, and the leukocyte serves to remove the dead material by phagocytosis (engulfing of cells or microorganism and ingest it

A

Inflammatory Disease

29
Q

disease in which the antibodies form against and injure the patient’s own tissues, (known as autoantibodies) Normally antibodies are formed in response to foreign antigens

A

Autoimmune Disorder

30
Q

are caused by a deterioration (break down) of the body(aging) thebody natural reaches a mature level and then starts to fade to the point the body can no longer survive. Heredity, diet and environmental factors are known to effect the rate of aging. Over time the function of the tissues decrease by decrease in cell numbers or function.

A

Degenerative Disease

31
Q
  • caused by disturbance in the normal physiologic function of the body
A

Metabolic Disease

32
Q

sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body by endocrine disorders (diabetes, hyperthyroidism

A

Metabolism

33
Q

disturbances of fluid and electrolytes balance, caused by an insufficient intake of water or excessive loss of it can be caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or use of diuretics. Upset the normal body’s balanc

A

Dehydration

34
Q

effects of a wound or injury physical or psychic

A

Traumatic

35
Q

is a new abnormal tissue growth

A

Neoplastic

36
Q

general term that describes various types of cellular changes that can occur in response to a disease, structural changes maybe biochemical or visib

A

Lesion

37
Q

remains localized and usually noninvasiv

A

Benign Neoplams

38
Q

increase growth, spreads and invades other tissue

A

Malignant Neoplasms

39
Q

spread of malignant cancer cel

A

Metastasis

40
Q

spread by the circulatory system/ blood system

A

Hematogenous

41
Q

spread by the lymph system

A

Lymphatic

42
Q

cancer cells spread to close proximity to are

A

Invasion

43
Q

cancer cells spread to a different area, a distant site or organ

A

Seeding

44
Q

Hematogenous, lymphatic, invasion and seeding

A

Metastasis Spread

45
Q

derived from epithelial tissue

A

Carcinoma

46
Q

derived from connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

47
Q

From blood cells

A

Leukemia

48
Q

Lymphatic cells

A

Lymphoma

49
Q

started in the 1950’s as is based on cancers of similar histology or origin with similar patterns of growth

A

TNM System

50
Q

Refers to the size of untreated primary cancer or tumor

A

T

51
Q

Refers to nodes involvement

A

N

52
Q

Refers to metastases

A

M

53
Q

Additionally numbers are added to these letters to indicate the extent of malignancy, the progressive increase in size or involvement of the tumor. The higher the number the moreinvolvement has occurred. ex T0 –shows no tumor involvement

A
54
Q

Refers to the number of new cases found in a given period of time

A

Incident rate

55
Q
A
56
Q
A

Rad Pathology (2 decks)

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