Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the two requirements for obtaining a student pilot certificate?
16 year old
read/write/speak/understand english
Describe medical classes
Over 40:
1st class: 6
2nd Class: 12
3rd class: 24
Under 40:
1st class: 12
2nd class: 12
3rd class: 60
1st: ATP
2nd: Commercial
3rd: Student/Recreational/Private
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration: governs commercial/general/private/unmanned aviation.
FARs
Federal Aviation Regulations: FAA issued rules that apply to all areas of aviation.
ACS
Airmen Certification Standards: provides the standard for knowledge/practical/checkride tests. It focuses on knowledge, risk management, and skills element.
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization: UN agency that advances techniques/principles of international air navigation and leads to planning/development of civil air transport.
FBO
Fixed Base Operators: provide services like fuel, Mx, parking, supplies, rentals
CFI
FAA Certified Flight Instructors
Requirements to solo?
- 16 y/o
- Receive req. endorsements in logbook from an authorized flight instructor
- Student certification
- Medical
- Gov´t ID / Passport
IACRA
Integrated Airman Certification & Rating Application: website with certification/rating system
Req. to get your PPL
-FAR 61.103
1. 17 y/o
2. Read, write, speak, understand English
3. Student Pilot Cert
4. 3rd class medical or higher
5. Log ground/flight training and given proper endorsements by auth. Instructor
5. Pass req. knowledge/practical tests
6. Meet all req. from FAR 61.109
FAA Private Pilot Airman Knowledge Test
70% or higher
Need on checkride
Valid for 24 calender months
FAR Part 61 & 141 flight time requirements
61: 40 hrs - 20hrs dual and 10hrs solo
141: 35 hrs - 20 hrs dual & 5hrs solo
Basic Med Requirements & Limitations
Req:
1. U.S. drivers license
2. Approved medical education course from AOPA within 24 months
3. Medical exam within 48 months
4. Certify you’re medically fit to fly and under care for any condition
5. Agree to National Driver Register Check
Limitations:
1. Carry 6 people max & 6000lbs takeoff weight
2. Below 18000ft MSL
3. Max airspeed of 250kts
4. Only within USA
5. Not for hire/compensation
PPL Certification & Proficiency
- Does not expire
- Act as PIC you need a flight review every 24 months - 1 hr of ground and 1 hr flight w/ instructor
- Act as PIC w/ Pax you need 3 t/o & l/d in a/c of same category and class (type if required) within 90 days
- Act as PIC w/ Pax @ Night you need 3 t/o & l/d at night to a full stop in a/c of same category (1hr after sunset to 1hr before sunrise)
- Wings program: if completed within 24 months, you don’t need a flight review
PPL Privileges and Limitations
61.113
1. CANNOT be PIC for compensation/hire
2. Only if it is INCIDENTAL to business and has no pax/prop
3. CANNOT pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight w/ pax (fuel,rental fees, oil, airport expenditures)
4. CAN act as PIC for charity/nonprofit/community
5. CAN be reimbursed for a/c expenses IF for search & location ops under control of local/state/federal/specific organization
6. CAN demonstrate a/c to buyer in flight if salesman w/ 200 hrs
7. CAN be PIC towing gliders if have 100hrs and 3 actual/simulated glider tows w/ instructor within 12 calendar months
8. CAN be PIC in test flight in a light sport a/c intended for cert if 100 hrs of PIC In category/class, powered parachute, weight-shift control, and familiar with production test flight and special flight permit
9. Basic Med
Docs needed when flying
61.3 & 91.3
1. Pilot Cert
2. GOVT ID
3. Medical
- will need logbook if solo as a student
Categories for Pilot Certification and the Class for each one, include type
Airplane
- single engine land/sea
- multi engine land/sea
Rotorcraft
- gyroplane
- helicopter
Powered Lift
Glider
Lighter-Than-Air
- Airship
- Ballon
Type: make and model
Categories for Aircraft Certification
- Normal
- Utility
- Experimental
- Transport
- Restricted
- Acrobatic
Which skills only require training and no req from FAR?
- Refresher
- Mountain flying
- Aerobatic flight
- Technically advanced airplanes (PFD,MFD,two axis autopilot)
- Home built aircraft
Which training requires a logbook endorsement?
- High Performance & Complex Airplanes (200 horsepower and above, retractable landing gear/flaps, controllable pitch propeller)
- Tailwheel Airplanes: conventional landing gear
Which Ratings require a knowledge and practical?
- Instrument
- Commercial
- CFI
- ATP
- Sport Pilot
Which Ratings require just a practical test?
- Multi-Engine
- Seaplane
- Rotorcraft
- Glider (only if have powered category rating)
- Lighter-Than-Air
SRM
Single Pilot Resource Management: utilizing all resources prior and during a flight to ensure succession of flight
CRM
Crew Resource Management: recognize hazards and provide tools to eliminate or minimize impact
Aviation Physiology
Study of the performance and limitations of the body in the flight environment
What are the 6 SRM concepts?
- Aeronautical Decision Making
- Risk Management
- Task Management
- Situational Awareness
- Controlled Flight into Terrain Awareness
- Automation Management
Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
Determine best course of action in response to specific circumstances.
DECIDE
Detect change
Estimate reaction
Choose outcome
Identify action to control
Do action
Evaluate effect
IM SAFE
Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Eat/Emotion
Hazardous Attitudes
IM AIR
Impulsivity “Take your time”
Macho “Taking chances is foolish”
Anti-Authority “Follow the rules”
Invulnerability “It could happen to me”
Resignation “I can do it”
Risk Management
5Ps & Pave
Pilot
Plane
Plan
Programming
Pax
Pilot
Aircraft
EnVironment
External Pressure
Task Management
Plan/prioritize tasks/resources to avoid workload and manage distractions
What helpful tasks are useful while in the plane in regards to procedures
To Do lists: abnormal procedures
Flow Patterns: normal procedures
Memorize & Double Chk: Emergency Procedures
Situational Awareness
Aware of all factors that can affect flight before, during, and after
SAFETY
Seatbelts
Air vents
Fire Extinguishers
Egress/Emergency
Talking/Traffic
Your questions
Takeoff Brief
Wind/velocity
Runway length
Takeoff distance
Initial heading
Initial attitude
Takeoff/climb speeds
Departure procedures
Emergency plan
Before Landing Brief
Airport info/runway/elevation/weather/pattern altitude/traffic
Terrain/obstacles
CFIT
Controlled Flight Into Terrain
A/c flow in terrain/water w/ no prior awareness that the crash is imminent
Automation Management
Advanced avionics w/ digital displays, GPS, moving map, integrated auto pilot
TEM
Threat and Error Management to detect/respond to threats so it doesn’t get to a UAS - Undesired Aircraft State. Pilot misapplied flight controls, airplane position, speed deviation, incorrect configuration
Types of threats
Uncontrollable influence
Increase complexity
Sudden and limit time to respond
Managed risk within acceptable limits
Types of Hazards
Airplane
Airport
Weather
Flight Environment
Types of Errors
Skill Based
CRM/SRM
Perceptual
Decision Based
Type of Pressure Effects
Ear & Sinus Block (diff between air pressure in middle ear and outer ear)
- yawning, chewing, swallowing, Valsalva Manuever
Toothache
Gastrointestinal Pain
Scuba Diving
- 12 hrs min if 8000ft MSL
- 24hrs min if above 8000ftMSL
What factors can impair your fitness to fly
Alcohol
Stress
Fatigue
Drugs/stimulants
Noise
Motion Sickness
Pressure Effects
According to FAR what is the maximum time frame and alcohol level before you fly?
8hrs
.04 blood alcohol level
CBTA
Competency Based Training & Assessment
Focuses on developing pilot competencies that help you become a resilient pilot
KNO & 8 types
Application of Knowledge
1. Application of Procedures & Compliance with Regulations (PRO)
2. Airplane Flight Management - Manual Control (FPM)
3. Airplane Flight Path Management - Automation (FPA)
4. Communication (COM)
5. Leadership & Teamwork (LTW)
6. Workload Management (WLM)
7. Situation Awareness & Management of Information (SAW)
8. Problem Solving - Decision Making (PSD)
