Chapter 1 Flashcards
is the transfer of energy from one location to another.
Radiation
are a form of ionizing radiation.
X-rays
has both a beneficial and a destructive potential.
• lonizing radiation
A team approach to patient care is an
organized collaborative approach that can also have the benefit of increased radiation safety both to patients and directly involved members of the imaging team.
Radiant energy can be controlled by using the knowledge
of radiation-induced hazards that has been gained over many years and by employing effective methods to limit or eliminate those hazards.
The goal of modern radiation protection programs is
twofold: to protect persons from both short-term and long-term effects of radiation.
Living tissue of animals and humans can be damaged by exposure to ionizing radiation; therefore it is necessary to
safeguard against unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.
There are three main types of radiation quantities to consider:
Exposure, Absorbed Dose, and Effective Dose.
Radiographers should select the smallest radiation exposure settings that produce
the most useful radiographic results and should avoid errors that result in repeated radiographic exposures.
The three basic principles of radiation protection are
time, distance, and shielding.
Imaging facilities must have an effective radiation safety program in place that provides patient
protection and patient education.
is a method used to compare the amount of radiation a patient receives from a radiologic procedure with natural background radiation received over a specific period.
BERT
Children are significantly more radiation sensitive than are adults, and that exposure to radiation early in life, at levels found in CT and even lower, leads to a measurable
increase in cancer incidence as these individuals age into their 50s and 60s.
The first goal of the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging is to
increase awareness among nonradiology users of potentially high radiation exposure from CT imaging.
The Image Gently Campaign advocates
lowering patient dose by “child sizing” the kV and mA settings, by scanning only the indicated area, and by removing multiphase scans from pediatric protocols.
• The Pause and Pulse: Image Gently Fluoroscopy Campaign provides radiologic technologists with a full understanding of
the safe operation of fluoroscopic devices on pediatric patients.
The objectives of the Image Wisely Campaign are
lowering the amount of radiation used in medically necessary imaging studies and eliminating unnecessary procedures for adults.
__ mandates that measures of dose in CT be available as part of the record of each examination.
The US FDA
At the present time, the ____ only requires monitoring of patient dose in CT and in interventional procedures, however, there are indications of it also moving toward requirements for all modalities in radiology.
Joint Commission
- A patient may choose to assume a relatively small statistical risk of exposure to ionizing radiation for a physician to obtain essential diagnostic medical information when:
- Illness occurs
- Injury occurs
- A specific imaging procedure for health screening purposes is called for
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3
C
- Effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation defines:
A. Diagnostic efficacy
B. Optimization
C. Radiation protection
D. Reference values
C
Which of the following is a method that can be used to answer patients’
questions about the amount of radiation received from a radiographic procedure?
A. ALARA concept
B. BERT
C. PULSE
D. EPA
D
- The term optimization for radiation protection (ORP)
is synonymous with which of the following?
A. As low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)
B. Background equivalent radiation time (BERT)
C. Effective dose (EfD)
D. Diagnostic efficacy (DE)
C
- Monitoring and reporting of patient dose for CT and interventional procedures can lead to:
A. An invasion of patient privacy
B. An increase in patient radiation dose
C. A reduction in patient radiation dose
D. Elimination of the need for imaging equipment radiation safety features
C
The amount of ionization produced in the air when ionizing radiation is present is known as:
A. Absorbed dose
B. Effective dose
C. Efficacy
D. Exposure
B
The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient while adhering to radiation safety guidelines defines which of the following terms?
A. Radiation protection
B. Radiographic pathology
C. Effective diagnosis
D. Diagnostic efficacy
A
The millisievert (mSv) is equal to:
A. ¼o of a sievert
B. ¼0o of a sievert
C. ¼ooo of a sievert
D. ¼0,000 of a sievert
D
- An effective radiation safety program requires a firm commitment to radiation safety by:
- Facilities providing imaging services
- Radiation workers
- Patients
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1,2, and 3
B
If a child receives a dose of radiation in a CT scan where adult protocols are used, the child, because of being smaller in size, will receive a:
A. Lethal dose of radiation
B. Higher effective dose than would an adult, but the image produced will appear to be of acceptable quality
C. Lower effective dose than would an adult, and the image produced will be of acceptable quality
D. Severe radiation burns
D
