Chapter 1 Flashcards
Who is Florence Nightingale?
- Wealthy Deaconess who cared for sick soldiers during the Crimean War; believed environment affect healing so she organized and cleaned the hospital
- Decreased soldier mortality from 42.7% to 2% in 6mos
- Organized the 1st school of nursing
- 1st practicing epidemiologist
Who is Lilian Wald?
- “Mother of Public Health nursing”
- ensured women and children, poor, immigrants, ethnic groups had healthcare
- founded Henry Street Settlement w/ Mary Brewster to provide care for those in the Lower East Side of NY
Who was Clara Barton?
- Army nurse supervisor during civil war
- Founder of the American Red Cross
- provided medical supplies to soldiers and assisted in locating lost soldiers
Who was Dorothea Dix?
- improved treatment of mentally ill pts
- Served as Union’s Superintendent of Female Nurses during civil war w/o pay
Who was Mary Mahoney?
- 1st formally educated black woman
- began working @ the New England Hospital for Women and Children as a cook; was later accepted into the hospital’s school of nrsg and was 1 of only 4 to graduate out of a class of 42
Who was Isabel Hampton Rob?
- was a public school teacher in Canada; later entered Bellevue Training School for Nurses
- worked @ Johns Hopkins Hospital
- Founder of the Ass. Alumnae of the US and Canada, later became ANA in ‘91
Who was Luther Christman?
- Graduated from Penn. Hospital School of Nrsg for Men; got a degree in clinical psy from Temple University
- Overcame gender discrimination; campaigned against military male nurse discrimination w/o results til the Korean War
- 1st man inducted into ANA’s Hall of Fame in ‘04
What are the 4 Models of Health?
-Clinical: Absence s/s disease; prevention not emphasized
-Role performance: Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
Illness is the failure to perform roles at the level of others in society
-Adaptive: Ability to adapt positively to change
Illness is the failure to adapt to change
-Eudaimonistic: Exuberant well-being: interaction and interrelationships in multiple aspects of life
What is health?
a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context
What are the 7 roles of nurses?
- Advocate: gives pt info to inform and protect them and their rights; help assert these rights; help make healthcare sys more responsive to individual and community needs
- Care Manager: prevent duplication of services, reduces cost, etc.; collaborates w/ others to help pt meet their goals
- Consultant: provides knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups
- Deliver of Services: help pt regain health and find their max. level of independent func thru the healing process: involves body, mind, spirit
- Educator: can be formal or informal involving pt, family, spouse, etc.; info is given to change the behavior of the pt
- Healer: Assist individuals to integrate and balance the various parts of their lives. It also requires mindful blending of science and subjectivity
- Researcher: Nurses use research findings as the foundation to clinical practice and decision making
What is functioning?
Functional health can be characterized as being present or absent, having high-level or low-level wellness, and being influenced by neighborhood and society.
What is the wellness-illness continuum?
- a dichotomous depiction of the relationship between the concepts of health and illness
- wellness is on the pos end involving improved physical and mental health states
- illness is on the neg end; the possibility of incremental decreases in health beyond the midpoint
- high-level wellness vs depletion of health
What is health ecology?
the interconnection between people and their physical and social environments
What is high-level wellness?
- emphasizes the interrelationship between the environment and the ability to achieve health on both a personal and a societal level
- assesses a person not only in terms of his or her relative health compared with that of others but also in terms of the favorability of the person’s environment for health and wellness
- it is a sense of well-being, life satisfaction, and quality of life
What are the overarching goals of Healthy People 2020?
- Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
- Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
- Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
