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Fundamentals of Personality - PSYC 321 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Personality?

A
  • Pattern of behaviour, feelings, and thoughts; set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual; organized and enduring
  • Influences our interactions with intrapsychic (in mind), physical, and social environment; shaped by genetics, parents, peers, birth order, and culture
  • Predict how others will respond/act
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2
Q

What are Psychological Traits?

A
  • Average tendencies of a person (ex: talks a lot, lighthearted, etc.)
  • People have different views of the world and behaviours
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3
Q

What are Psychological Mechanisms?

A
  • Three key ingredients: input, decision rules, output (like machine)
  • Ex: danger - if courageous then face danger - confront source of danger
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4
Q

Can personality be measured?

A
  • Some of personality can be measured enough to predict behaviour
  • But people act differently in different situations
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5
Q

What are the 2 main viewpoints of personality?

A
  • View 1: stable personality traits predict behaviour
  • View 2: situation is much more important, and personality does not really exist (Milgram’s experiment)
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6
Q

What is the Person-Situation Interaction?

A
  • Both personality and situation influence behaviour
  • The person and situation work together in various ways to determine behaviour
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7
Q

What are the factors of Person-Situation Interaction?

A
  • Personality can be impacted by experiences
  • People respond differently to the same situation
  • People choose their situations
  • People change the situations they enter
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8
Q

What is Personality Analysis?

A
  • Human nature
  • Individual and group differences
  • Individual uniqueness
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9
Q

What is Human Nature?

A
  • How we are “like all others”
  • Traits and mechanisms of personality that are: typical of our species; possessed by nearly everyone
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10
Q

What are Individual and Group Differences?

A
  • Individual differences: ways in which each person is like some other people (ex: extraverts)
  • Group differences: ways in which the people of one group differ from people in another group (ex: cultures)
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11
Q

What is Individual Uniqueness?

A
  • How we are “like no others”
  • Every individual has personal and unique qualities not shared by many other person in the world
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12
Q

What is the gap in the field?

A
  • Gap between grand theories of personality (human nature level of analysis) and contemporary research in personality (individual and group differences level of analysis)
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13
Q

What are the 6 main domains in personality research?

A
  1. Dispositional
  2. Biological
  3. Intrapsychic
  4. Cognitive-Experiential
  5. Social and Cultural
  6. Adjustment
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14
Q

What is the Dispositional domain?

A
  • Deals with ways in which individuals differ from one another (all domains)
  • Focus on number and nature of fundamental dispositions
  • Interested in: the origin of individual differences; how these develop over time
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15
Q

What is the Biological domain?

A
  • Core assumption: humans are collections of biological systems which provide building blocks for behaviour, thought, and emotion
  • Focuses on personality: behavioural genetics; psychophysiology; evolutionary effects
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16
Q

What is the Intrapsychic domain?

A
  • Deals with mental mechanisms of personality (many which operate outside conscious awareness)
  • Classic and modern versions of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis (includes works on repression, denial, projection, and motives for power, achievement, and affiliation)
17
Q

What is the Cognitive-Experiential domain?

A
  • Focuses on cognition and subjective experience (conscious thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires about oneself and others)
  • Self and self-concept: goals we set and strive to meet
  • Emotional experiences, in general and over time
18
Q

What is the Social and Cultural domain?

A
  • Assumption: personality impacts, and is impacted by, cultural and social contexts
  • Cultural differences between groups
  • Individual differences within cultures: how personality plays out in the social sphere (including sex and gender differences in personality processes, traits, and mechanisms)
19
Q

What is the Adjustment domain?

A
  • Personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and adjust to events in daily life
  • Personality linked to: health outcomes & problems in coping and adjustment

Fundamentals of Personality - PSYC 321 (11 decks)

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