Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the main myth about learning addressed in Chapter 1?

Answer 1

The myth is that rereading and cramming are effective learning strategies, while in reality, they lead to short-term gains but poor long-term retention.

Question 2

What is retrieval practice, and why is it important?

Answer 2

Retrieval practice is the act of recalling information from memory. It strengthens memory and helps with long-term retention by reinforcing the neural pathways associated with the information.

Question 3

How does the brain strengthen memories?

Answer 3

The brain strengthens memories through repeated retrieval and reconsolidation, where accessing a memory and using it reinforces the neural connections.

Question 4

Why is it important to embrace difficulty in learning?

Answer 4

Embracing difficulty, or “desirable difficulties,” helps the brain engage more deeply with the material, leading to better retention and understanding.

Question 5

What is the problem with “illusions of knowing”?

Answer 5

Illusions of knowing occur when learners mistake familiarity with material for true understanding, which often happens after rereading or passive review.

Question 6

Why does rereading often lead to overconfidence in learners?

Answer 6

Rereading makes information seem familiar, creating a false sense of mastery, but it doesn’t engage active recall or challenge the brain to retain the material