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INTRO TO OIL > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

“The ability to do work”

A

energy

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2
Q

is the power that drives everything around us. It’s what makes it possible for us to move, grow, and stay warm, and it powers all the devices and machines we use every day.

A

energy

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3
Q

T OR F
Energy comes from many different sources, such as the sun, which provides sunlight and warmth, the food we eat, which gives our bodies the fuel to function, and fuels like gasoline, which powers cars and other machines.

A

T

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4
Q

T OR F
Energy isn’t just one thing—it can take many forms

A

T

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5
Q

T OR F
Energy can take only one form

A

F

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6
Q

Even when energy changes from one form to another, the _____________ stays the same; it just gets used in different ways.

A

total amount of energy

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7
Q

is stored energy and the energy of position

A

potential energy

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8
Q

is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together.

A

chemical energy

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9
Q

is energy stored in objects by the application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of elastic energy.

A

elastic energy

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10
Q

is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom-the energy that binds the nucleus together. The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart.

A

nuclear energy

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11
Q

Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms in a process called ____________.

A

fission

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12
Q

The sun combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms in a process called ___________.

A

fusion

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13
Q

In both fission and fusion, mass is converted into energy, according to __________________

A

Einstein’s Theory, E = mc2.

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14
Q

is the energy of position or place.

A

gravitational potential energy

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15
Q

Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of _________________________

A

gravitational potential energy.

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16
Q

is motion-the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects.

A

Kinetic energy

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17
Q

Electrical energy is the movement of electrons.

A

Electrical energy

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18
Q

Everything is made of tiny particles called ______.

A

atoms

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19
Q

. Atoms are made of even smaller particles called _, __, and ____

A

electrons, protons, and neutrons.

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20
Q

Electrons moving through a wire are called ___.

A

electricity

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21
Q

is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves.

A

radiant energy

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22
Q

is the internal energy in substances— the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substances.

A

thermal energy (heat)

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23
Q

is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another.

A

Motion energy or mechanical energy

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24
Q

y is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves.

A

Sound energy

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25
Q

is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate.

A

sound

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26
Q

some of the energy sources can be replenished in a short period of time. Such energy sources are referred to as ____________

A

renewable energy sources

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27
Q

the energy sources that we are using up and cannot be generated in a short period of time are called

A

non-renewable energy sources

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28
Q

these sources include include coal, petroleum, natural gas, propane, and uranium.

A

Nonrenewable energy sources

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29
Q

They are used to generate electricity, to heat our homes, to move our cars, and to manufacture products from candy bars to cell phones.

A

Nonrenewable energy sources

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30
Q

Since the beginning of mankind, we have been using _____________ to generate heat, light and electricity for various purposes.

A

fossil fuels

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31
Q

These are the primary sources for generating electrical energy in the world today.

A

fossil fuels

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32
Q

______________, such as coal, oil and natural gas, are important non-renewable sources of energy.

A

fossil fuels

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33
Q

Over __% of our energy demands are met by the combustion of fossil fuels.

A

85

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34
Q

is the main constituent of these fossil fuels

A

carbon

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35
Q

Coal is formed in a way similar to the other fossil fuels, though it goes through a different process called “____________”

A

coalification

36
Q

is made of decomposed plant matter in conditions of high temperature and pressure, though it takes a relatively shorter amount of time to form.

A

coal

37
Q

These power plants first burn the coal in large furnaces creating tremendous amounts of heat

A

coal power plant

38
Q

Generation of Electrical Energy from Coal

A

Burning Coal: Coal is burned in a big furnace to produce a lot of heat.
Boiling Water: The heat is used to boil water, turning it into steam.
Creating Pressure: As the water turns to steam, it builds up pressure in the boiler.
Spinning the Turbine: The high-pressure steam is directed onto a steam turbine, which spins because of the steam’s force.
Generating Electricity: The spinning turbine is connected to a generator. Inside the generator, a magnet spins, creating electricity.
Sending Electricity: The electricity produced is sent to the power grid, which delivers it to homes and businesses.

39
Q

is the largest and most cost-effective coal-fired power station in the country with a generating capacity of 1,200 MW.

A

Sual Power Station

40
Q

is a 735-MW coal-fired thermal power plant at Isla Grande in Pagbilao, Quezon Province. Consisting of two generating units (Pagbilao 1 and 2), the power plant is capable of producing a maximum of 16,800 MWh of electricity daily or over six (6) million MWh annually. Located within PPS grounds is a 420 MW facility (Pagbilao Unit 3 Power Project) that is the result of a joint venture partnership between TeaM Energy and AboitizPower that led to the formation of Pagbilao Energy Corporation (PEC). Pagbilao 3 is a merchant plant that began operating in May 2018.

A

The Pagbilao Power Station (PPS)

41
Q

is a coal-fired thermal power plant located in Zambales.

A

The Masinloc Power Plant

42
Q

is an operating power station of at least 900-megawatts (MW) in San Rafael, Calaca, Batangas.

A

Calaca power station

43
Q

is a 4x150 MW coal-fired thermal power plant that uses Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) technology.

A

The Limay Power Plant

44
Q

is formed through a process known as thermogenic or organic thermal maturation

A

natural gas

45
Q

thermogenic or organic thermal maturation. It begins with the accumulation of organic material, such as dead plants and microorganisms, in oxygen-depleted environments like swamps and seabeds.

A

thermogenic or organic thermal maturation

46
Q

Over time, sediment accumulates over these organic deposits, creating pressure and heat due to the weight of the overlying layers. As temperatures and pressures rise, the organic material undergoes a series of chemical reactions known as _________________

A

thermal maturation.

47
Q

During this process, complex organic molecules break down, forming simpler hydrocarbons like methane (CH4). These hydrocarbons migrate upwards through porous rocks until they are trapped by impermeable layers, forming reservoirs of natural gas beneath the Earth’s surface. The extracted gas is a valuable energy source used for heating, electricity generation, and various industrial processes.

A

thermal maturation

48
Q

is mainly composed of methane and is the smallest hydrocarbon, consisting only of only one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

A

natural gas

49
Q

is both colorless and odorless in its pure form.

A

methane

50
Q

It is highly flammable and burns easily in the presence of oxygen and is commonly used in electricity generation.

A

methane

51
Q

is a cleaner-burning fuel compared to coal and oil, but also has a finite source.

A

Natural gas

52
Q

Generation of Electrical Energy from
Natural Gas

A
  1. Burning Gas: Natural gas is burned in a machine called a gas turbine.
  2. Spinning the Turbine: The hot gases produced from burning the gas make a turbine spin.
  3. Generating Electricity: The spinning turbine powers a generator, which turns the motion into electricity.
  4. Distributing Power: The electricity is then sent through power lines to homes and businesses.
    Natural gas power plants are efficient and produce less pollution compared to coal or oil plants.
53
Q

Natural gas power plants in the Philippines are an important part of the country’s energy mix, providing a reliable and cleaner alternative to coal-fired power.______________

A

Natural gas power plants

54
Q

this power plant in Batangas is a combined cycle power plant in Batangas City.

A

The 2x600 MW Ilijan Power Plany

55
Q

It is a 1,000-MW combined-cycle natural gas-fired power plant. Located in the First Gen Clean Energy Complex in Batangas City, its operations commenced in August 2000. It uses natural gas from the Malampaya gas field in offshore Northwest Palawan, and can also utilize condensate, distillate, and naphtha as back-up fuel.

A

Santa Rita Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

56
Q

It is a 500-MW combined-cycle natural gas-fired power plant that is located west of, and adjacent to, the Santa Rita plant.

A

San Lorenzo Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

57
Q

which started commercial operations on September 26, 2016, was developed by First Gen’s wholly-owned Prime Meridian Powergen Corporation (PMPC). The plant is located in the First Gen Clean Energy Complex in Batangas City.

A

Avion Open-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant.

58
Q

First Gen’s wholly-owned First NatGas Power Corp. (FNPC) owns and operates the 420-MW San Gabriel Power Plant, which is the most efficient natural gas-fired plant in the Philippines.

A

San Gabriel Combined-Cycle Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant,

59
Q

is the energy that is released during nuclear reactions, either through nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

A

Nuclear energy

60
Q

the nucleus of a heavy atom, typically uranium-235 or plutonium-239, is split into two smaller nuclei along with a few neutrons.

A

nuclear fission

61
Q

This process releases a significant amount of energy in the form of heat, light, and gamma radiation. The heat generated is used to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to generators, ultimately producing electricity.

A

nuclear fission

62
Q

heavy atom in nuclear fission

A

uranium-235 or plutonium-239

63
Q

involves combining the nuclei of light atoms, such as hydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium), to form a heavier nucleus

A

nuclear fusion

64
Q

is the process that powers the sun and other stars, and it has the potential to provide a nearly limitless and clean source of energy on Earth.

A

fusion

65
Q

comes from natural sources that constantly renew themselves, such as sunlight (solar energy), wind, flowing water (hydropower), and Earth’s internal heat (geothermal energy).

A

renewable energy

66
Q

is captured directly from sunlight and converted into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells.

A

solar energy

67
Q

is captured directly from sunlight and converted into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells.

A

Solar energy

68
Q

is produced from organic matter, such as plant materials, animal waste, and other biological materials.

A

Biomass energy

69
Q

uses the energy of flowing water to produce electricity.

A

Hydropower

70
Q

harnesses the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity using wind turbines.

A

Wind energy

71
Q

captures the movement of ocean waves to produce electricity.

A

wind energy

72
Q

taps into heat from beneath the Earth’s surface to generate electricity.

A

geothermal energy

73
Q

refers to the network that includes energy production, transmission, distribution, and consumption. It encompasses all processes needed to generate energy and deliver it to end users like homes, industries, and commercial spaces.

A

energy system

74
Q

are the raw materials from which energy is generated.

A

energy sources

75
Q

is the process of converting these energy sources into usable forms, such as electricity.

A

energy generation

76
Q

involves the transportation of electricity over long distances.

A

energy transmission

77
Q

follows transmission and involves delivering electricity to end-users. such as homes, businesses, and industries.

A

Energy distribution

78
Q

is an important component of the energy system, allowing for the management of supply and demand

A

Energy storage

79
Q

is the final stage in the energy system, where energy is used by consumers for a variety of purposes.

A

Energy consumption

80
Q

involves the ongoing monitoring and optimization of energy use to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

A

Energy management

81
Q

Refers to the availability of energy resources (fossil fuels, renewables, nuclear).

A

Energy Supply:

82
Q

Refers to the required energy to meet the needs of various sectors (residential, industrial, commercial).

A

energy demand

83
Q

can lead to issues such as power outages, price increases, and strain on infrastructure.

A

unbalanced supply and demand

84
Q

monitors and balances real-time supply and demand, ensuring stable electricity flow.

A

National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP)

85
Q

supports energy efficiency through labeling programs and public awareness campaigns

A

The Department of Energy (DOE)

INTRO TO OIL (4 decks)

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