Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Turath?

Answer 1

Heritage: Waritha (to inherit) and Mirath (Inheritance)

Question 2

What are the 2 main types of heritage?

Answer 2

Tangible (food) and intangible like practices und rituals

Question 3

What is heritage?

Answer 3

Features belonging to the culture of a society like customs, traditions, buildings, languages and monuments and collective ownership

Question 4

What is heritage, literature, culture and language in Arabic?

Answer 4

Turath,Adab, Thaqafah, Lughah

Question 5

What are sources of pre-islamic Arabian heritage?

Answer 5

Excavations, inscriptions, poetry, Quran, Hadith, chronicles of historians and travelers.

Question 6

Why is Arabic important?

Answer 6

Known as the language of the Quran and was spread through Islamic rule and is a literary heritage

Question 7

What are the 3 main language groups in middle east

Answer 7

Semitic, indoeuropean, Turkic

Question 8

What is the word Semitic derived from?

Answer 8

The biblical name Shem/Sam, one of prophet Nuh’s sons considered to be the father of the Semitic languages

Question 9

Who first used the term Semitic?

Answer 9

German professor August Ludwig schlozer in 1781

Question 10

Who said that Syriac Hebrew and arabic stem from the same language

Answer 10

Ibn Hazm from Andalusian Muslim Spain in 994 to 1064

Question 11

Did protosemetic originate in lower Euphrates, Armenia, Africa and Arabia?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Where does Arabic of today belong to?

Answer 12

North Arabic

Question 13

What distinguishes a Semitic language?

Answer 13

Tri-consonantal or tri-lateral root system: vowels and letters are manipulated

Question 14

When was proto-arabic and what is the difference

Answer 14

7 BCE to CE, did not have dots, dots were introduced by Ali offer Islam evidence is epigraphic material

Question 15

When and what was the transitional period?

Answer 15

Between 3 and 5 century from oral to dotted written Arabic. From 6th century was literary

Question 16

When and what is jahiliyyah?

Answer 16

500 to 622 CE,era of ignorance, Arabic was a poetic language

Question 17

When was the early Islamic period

Answer 17

622 to 661 CE when the prophet left Makkah for Medina, Arabic was a language of poetry and religion

Question 18

What and when was the ummayyad period?

Answer 18

661 - 750 CE, Arabic became a language of administration, Banu Umayyad and Damascus was the capital

Question 19

What and when was the Abbasid period?

Answer 19

750 - 1258 CE, Arabic was the language of civilization translation, literature, und scientific research. From quraysh and Baghdad was destroyed by mongols.

Question 20

Post Abbasid?

Answer 20

13 - 18 century, crusades, mongoles,Iberian peninsula

Question 21

What are the 3 types of Arabic

Answer 21

Classical Arabic (fusha), Modern Standard Arabic (fusha) and colloquial Arabic (amiyyah)

Question 22

What is diglossia?

Answer 22

Sociolinguistic phenomena: coexistence of 2 language varieties, the higher literary form and the everyday spoken vernacular.

Question 23

What is spectroglossia?

Answer 23

Multiple variations and levels from very literary to colloquial with intermediate levels

Question 24

What do Arabic academies do?

Answer 24

Located in Damascus, Cairo, Baghdad, Amman. Preserve it from dialectical. Arabize words, to have a common Msa. Develop the language.

Question 25

Order of oldest to youngest Semitic languages

Answer 25

Akkadian, Assyrian, Amharic, Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic

Question 26

When was arabic chosen as an official UN language?

Answer 26

Out of 6 languages Arabic is one since 1973.

Question 27

When did Arabic became the language of science, culture, and education?

Answer 27

8th, 9th and 10th century