Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

politics

A

the process of deciding who benefits in society and who does not

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2
Q

efficacy

A

citizens’ belief that they have the ability to achieve something desirable and that the government listens to people like them

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3
Q

civic engagement

A

individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern

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4
Q

political engagement

A

citizen actions that are intended to solve public problems through political means

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4
Q

citizens

A

members of the policy who, through birth or naturalization enjoy the rights, privileges, and responsibilities attached to membership in a given nation

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5
Q

government

A

the institution that creates and implements policies and laws that guide the conduct of the nation and its citizens

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6
Q

naturalization

A

the process of becoming a citizen by means other than birth, as in the case of immigrants

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7
Q

legitmacy

A

a quality conferred on government by citizens who believe that its exercise of power is right and proper

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8
Q

public goods

A

goods whose benefits cannot be limited and that are available to all

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9
Q

monarchy

A

government in which a member of a royal family, usually a king or queen, has absolute authority over a territory and its government

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10
Q

oligarchy

A

government in which an elite few hold power

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11
Q

democracy

A

government in which supreme power of governance lies in the hands of its citizens

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12
Q

tolitarianism

A

system of government in which the government essentially controls every aspect of people’s lives

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13
Q

authoritarianism

A

system of government in which the government holds strong powers but its checked by some forces

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14
Q

constitutionalism

A

government that is structured by law, and in which the power of government is limited

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15
Q

limited government

A

government that is restricted in what it can do so that the rights of the people are protected

16
Q

divine right of kings

A

the assertion that monarchies, as a manifestation of God’s will, could rule absolutely without regard to the will or well-being of their subjects

17
Q

social contract

A

an agreement between people and their leaders in which the people agree to give up some liberties so that their other liberties are protected

18
Q

natural law

A

the assertion that standards that govern human behavior are derived from the nature of humans themselves and can be applied universally

19
Q

popular sovereignty

A

the theory that government is created by the people and depends on the people for the authority to rule

20
Q

social contract theory

A

the idea that individuals possess free will and that every individual is equally endowed with the God-given right of self-determination and the ability to consent to be governed

21
Q

direct democracy

A

a structure of government in which citizens discuss and decide policy through majority rule

22
Q

indirect democracy

A

sometimes used a “representative democracy”, a system in which citizens elect representatives who decide policies on behalf of their constituents

23
Q

political culture

A

the people’s collective beliefs and attitudes about government and political processes

24
Q

liberty

A

the most essential quality of American democracy; it is both the freedom from governmental interference in citizens’ lives and the freedom to pursue happiness

25
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system in which the means of producing wealth are privately owned and operated to produce profits

26
Q

property

A

anything that can be owned

27
Q

consent of the governed

A

the idea that, in a democracy, the government’s power derives from the consent of the people

28
Q

majority rule

A

the idea that, in a democracy, only policies with 50 percent plus one vote are enacted

29
Q

political ideology

A

integrated system of ideas or beliefs about political values in general and the role of government in particular

30
Q

liberalism

A

an ideology that advocates change in the social, political, and economic realms to better protect the well-being of individuals and to produce equality within society

31
Q

conservatism

A

an ideology that advocates economic equality, theoretically achieved by having the government or workers own the means of production (businesses and industry)

32
Q

libertarianism

A

an ideology whose advocates believe that government should take a “hands-off” approach in most matters