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Drugs, Brain And Behaviour > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is psychopharmacology

A

Study of how drugs affect mood, perception, thinking, or behavior

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2
Q

What is a psychoactive drug

A

Any drug that acts on the CNS

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3
Q

Importance of psychopharmacology

A
  • Prevalence of psycho active drugs, for example, caffeine and mood enhancer drugs
  • informs research
  • Pharmacotherapy
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4
Q

What is a drug

A
  • administered substances that affect physiological functioning
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5
Q

Instrumental drug use

A

Use to accomplish specific purposes
For example, taking caffeine to wake up

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6
Q

Therapeutic drugs

A

Used for treating disorders ( instrumental use)
For example, taking Xanax to reduce anxiety

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7
Q

Recreational use

A

Used to experience drug effects,
for example, taking Xanax just because

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8
Q

Trade name of a drug

A

Trademarked and assigned by company,
For example, Tylenol

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9
Q

Generic name

A

Classifies drug in a category.
For example, acetaminophen

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10
Q

Chemical name

A

Details chemical structure

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11
Q

Street names

A

Used by folks who make or sell drugs recreationally

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12
Q

Drug effect dependent on

A

Dose

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13
Q

What is a dose

A

The amount of drug ingested per body weight.

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14
Q

What are Dose effect curves

A

They depict the magnitude of drug’s effect at a given dose.
Used to visualize effective or toxic dosage.

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15
Q

ED50 what is effective dosage

A

This is the dosage of drug at which 50% of the population experiences the intended effect of the drug.

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16
Q

Drug potency

A

Determined through ED50.
How much of a drug is needed to achieve a certain effect

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17
Q

What is toxic dose

A

When certain drug levels produce adverse side effects

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18
Q

TD50

A

When 50% of a population has an adverse reaction to a drug at a certain dose.

19
Q

Therapeutic index

A
  • calculated using TD50
  • difference between toxic and Thera dose by comparing drug dose effect curves for toxicity versus therapeutic effect
  • ratio of TD50 to ED50
20
Q

Certain safety index

A

Used by reg. agencies or companies
TD1 to ED99 ratio
Favors therapeutic effects
Do not apply to all drugs, for example, lithium.

21
Q

what is pharmacology

A

branch of medicine concerned with uses, effects and modes of actions of drugs

21
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

physiological action of drugs, what is going on at synapse

22
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

how drugs pass and are eliminated from body

23
Q

pharmacogenetics

A

study of how genetic differences influence both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
- help us understand differences in drug responses betweeen individuals

24
Q

objective drug effects

A

observed by others

25
Q

subjective drug effects

A

not directly observed

26
Q

correlational study

A

no alterations of conditions, observation (purely)

27
Q

experimental study

A

alter independent variable

28
Q

quasi-experimental research

A

manipulation of an independent variable without the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions.
- has higher internal validity

29
Q

internal validity

A

adequacy of controlling variables that may influence a dependent variable

30
Q

treatment arms

A

treatment groups in clinical studies

31
Q

placebo treatments

A

control groups

32
Q

single blind drug study

A

only participant is blind to it

33
Q

double blind drug study

A

both participants and researchers are blind

34
Q

open label

A

no one is blind to anything in the study

35
Q

why animals are used?

A
  • no viable alternatives
  • high predictive value (ability to predict treatment effects)
36
Q

institution in charge of animal use

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

37
Q

ETHICAL COST

A

assessmet that weighs value of research agaisnt potential pain and distress to be expereinced by subjects

38
Q

three R’s by IACUC

A

replace, reduce, refinest

39
Q

stages of therapeutic drug development (humans)

A

identify disorder
synthesize drug
biological experimentation (high thought screening)
screening (focused testing with promising compounds)
safety pharmacology (test adverse effect)
clinical trials

40
Q

clinical trials phase

A

1 determine drug adverse effect on healthy volunteers

41
Q

phase 2

A

determine drug effectiveness
cost/ benefit analysis here
participants with diosreder tested

42
Q

phase 3

A

further effectieveness check
more people add to testing sample people with co-existing conditions

43
Q

phase 4

A

FDA approval, address final question, more research

Drugs, Brain And Behaviour (6 decks)

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