Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the study of behavior and mental processes?
Psychology
What are the 2 goals of psychology?
To accurately describe and explain the ways people think, feel, and behave, and to improve the welfare of humanity
What is the main difference between a Psychiatrist and a Psychologist?
Psychiatrist can prescribe medications. Psychologist cannot.
How many Major perspectives are there in Psychology? Name them.
- Psychoanalytic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Humanist, Biological
Psychoanalytic names and what it emphasizes.
Sigmund and Anna Freud. Emphasizes the unconscious mind, memories, and impact on daily lives
Behaviorist names and what it emphasizes
Watson and Skinner. Emphasizes observable behavior: environmental
Cognitive names and what it emphasizes
Piaget and Ellis. Emphasizes thinking, problem solving, and mental processes
Humanist names and what it emphasizes
Maslow and Rodges. Emphasizes free will, and the human ability to change or improve our lives
Biological name and what it emphasizes
Alzheimer. Emphasizes chemistry and the structure of the brain and body as well as genetics.
What is the number of people in a study and how is it written?
Sample size. N=x
What is used to establish cause and effect relationships?
Experimental Research
What is expected to cause a change in another variable?
Independent variable
What variable is expected to change?
Dependent variable
What receives no treatment?
Control group
What receives the independent variable?
Experimental group
What receives a treatment, but not the independent variable?
Placebo group
What can experimental research methods do that non-experimental research methods cannot?
Establish cause and effect relationships
What is an in-depth study of an individual or small group that is unique
Case study
What is analyzing existing records to test a theory?
Archival research
What is used to establish if a relationship exists between 2 or more variables? (NOT CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS)
Correlation research
Positive and negative correlations?
Direction
What tells the strength of the relationship between variables?
Correlation coefficient
Variable A: Hi-scores
Variable B: Hi-scores
Positive Correlation
Variable A: Hi-scores
Variable B: low-scores
Negative Correlation
