CHAPTER 1

Question 1

• Greek physician
• Father of Medicine
• author of Hippocratic Oath (the code of ethics for practicing physicians)
• described four “humors” or body fluids in man

Answer 1

Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.)

Question 2

four “humors” or body fluids in man

Answer 2

• blood,
• phlegm,
• yellow bile,
• black bile

Question 3

• greatest physician of ancient Rome
• believed that human health requires an equilibrium between the four main bodily fluids

Answer 3

Galen of Pergamon (129-216 A.D.)

Question 4

• study of urine
• regarded as the oldest of laboratory procedures

Answer 4

Urinalysis

Question 5

• Arabian physician
• proved that the etiological agent of skin diseases, such as scabies, is parasite. (the same year as vivian herrick said about mt maybe traced back in 15150 B. C.)

Answer 5

Anenzoa

Question 5

Excessive urination

Answer 5

polyuria

Question 6

• strongly believes that MT may be traced back in the 1550 B.C, when intestinal parasites such as Taenia and scaris were mentioned in writings.
• She also noted that the Ebers Papyrus have descriptions of the stages and treatment of hookworm infection transmissible in humans.

Answer 6

Vivian Herrick

Question 6

• noted in ancient times

Answer 6

polyuria of diabetes

Question 7

• Throughout the middle ages
• was a means of curing most afflictions

Answer 7

blood letting using leeches or by cutting a blood vessel

Question 7

urinalysis became commonplace and was a practice that was followed with exaggerated zeal.

Answer 7

During the medieval period (1098-1438)

Question 8

“taste test” was criticized by some medical professionals and was even mentioned in the book authored “An Introduction to the Profession of Medical Technology”

Answer 8

Ruth Williams

Question 8

prefers to date MT from the 14th century

Answer 8

Anna Fagelson

Question 9

• withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease

Answer 9

blood letting

Question 10

first described in 1625 with a functional instrument becoming available in 1673

Answer 10

microscope

Question 11

• invented the first functional microscope
• the first to describe the red blood cells, to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.

Answer 11

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Question 12

• Act introduced compulsory apprenticeship and formal qualifications for apothecaries
• initiated by Baron Karl Von Humbeldt

Answer 12

Apothecaries Act of 1815

Question 12

the first to utilize the microscope in examining specimens at the Massachusetts General Hospital

Answer 12

Dr. Calvin Ellis

Question 13

used laboratory findings as preliminary evidence in diagnosing and evaluating a patient’s disease

Answer 13

Dr. William Occam

Question 13

• father of microscopic pathology
• the first scientist/physician to emphasize the study of the manifestation of disease and infections which are visible at cellular level by means of a microscope

Answer 13

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)

Question 14

• father of American pathology
• set up the first pathology laboratory in America at Bellevue Hospital in 1878. (was used largely for teaching)

Answer 14

Dr. William H. Welch

Question 15

• a clinical professor at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital
• introduced and used the microscope and a blood-counting machine in the hospital-based laboratory.

Answer 15

In 1880
Dr. William Osler

Question 16

• established and built a laboratory at the University Hospital in Philadelphia and then later at the University Hospital in Ann Arbor.
• They ordered and mandated all patients to undergo routine laboratory examinations, including urinalysis and blood examination.

Answer 16

In 1887
Dr. Osler and Dr. George Dock, Dr. Douglas

Question 17

The first recognized clinical laboratory in the states was opened at

Answer 17

Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1896

Question 17

laboratory science was formally approved by the Insurance Act as the basis of diagnosing disease.

Answer 17

in 1911

Question 18

was established at Woman’s Medical School and Woman’s Hospital in Philadelphia in 1921-1922 and is recorded in the files of the Registry of Medical Technologists.

Answer 18

The first formal laboratory

Question 18

the State Legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have complete laboratory facilities with full-time technicians, which gave laboratory services a chance to be fully recognized and widely utilized.

Answer 18

In 1915

Question 19

• an important factor in the growth of the clinical laboratory with a demand for medical personnel in the military as well as civilian hospitals.
• Both men and women were receiving medical training.

Answer 19

WWI (1914-1918)