CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
history of MT/MLS in a global context
- Greek physician
- Father of Medicine
- author of Hippocratic Oath (the code of ethics for practicing physicians)
- described four “humors” or body fluids in man
Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.)
four “humors” or body fluids in man
- blood,
- phlegm,
- yellow bile,
- black bile
- greatest physician of ancient Rome
- believed that human health requires an equilibrium between the four main bodily fluids
Galen of Pergamon (129-216 A.D.)
- study of urine
- regarded as the oldest of laboratory procedures
Urinalysis
- Arabian physician
- proved that the etiological agent of skin diseases, such as scabies, is parasite. (the same year as vivian herrick said about mt maybe traced back in 15150 B. C.)
Anenzoa
Excessive urination
polyuria
- strongly believes that MT may be traced back in the 1550 B.C, when intestinal parasites such as Taenia and scaris were mentioned in writings.
- She also noted that the Ebers Papyrus have descriptions of the stages and treatment of hookworm infection transmissible in humans.
Vivian Herrick
- noted in ancient times
polyuria of diabetes
- Throughout the middle ages
- was a means of curing most afflictions
blood letting using leeches or by cutting a blood vessel
urinalysis became commonplace and was a practice that was followed with exaggerated zeal.
During the medieval period (1098-1438)
“taste test” was criticized by some medical professionals and was even mentioned in the book authored “An Introduction to the Profession of Medical Technology”
Ruth Williams
prefers to date MT from the 14th century
Anna Fagelson
- withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease
blood letting
first described in 1625 with a functional instrument becoming available in 1673
microscope
- invented the first functional microscope
- the first to describe the red blood cells, to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
- Act introduced compulsory apprenticeship and formal qualifications for apothecaries
- initiated by Baron Karl Von Humbeldt
Apothecaries Act of 1815
the first to utilize the microscope in examining specimens at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Dr. Calvin Ellis
used laboratory findings as preliminary evidence in diagnosing and evaluating a patient’s disease
Dr. William Occam
- father of microscopic pathology
- the first scientist/physician to emphasize the study of the manifestation of disease and infections which are visible at cellular level by means of a microscope
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)
- father of American pathology
- set up the first pathology laboratory in America at Bellevue Hospital in 1878. (was used largely for teaching)
Dr. William H. Welch
- a clinical professor at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital
- introduced and used the microscope and a blood-counting machine in the hospital-based laboratory.
In 1880
Dr. William Osler
- established and built a laboratory at the University Hospital in Philadelphia and then later at the University Hospital in Ann Arbor.
- They ordered and mandated all patients to undergo routine laboratory examinations, including urinalysis and blood examination.
In 1887
Dr. Osler and Dr. George Dock, Dr. Douglas
The first recognized clinical laboratory in the states was opened at
Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1896
laboratory science was formally approved by the Insurance Act as the basis of diagnosing disease.
in 1911
was established at Woman’s Medical School and Woman’s Hospital in Philadelphia in 1921-1922 and is recorded in the files of the Registry of Medical Technologists.
The first formal laboratory
the State Legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have complete laboratory facilities with full-time technicians, which gave laboratory services a chance to be fully recognized and widely utilized.
In 1915
- an important factor in the growth of the clinical laboratory with a demand for medical personnel in the military as well as civilian hospitals.
- Both men and women were receiving medical training.
WWI (1914-1918)
